README.md
501 lines
| 28.5 KiB
| text/x-minidsrc
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MarkdownLexer
drtyhlpr
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r94 | # rpi23-gen-image | ||
drtyhlpr
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r12 | ## Introduction | ||
BrainStone
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r394 | `rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for Raspberry Pi 2 (RPi2) and Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi3) computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian (armhf) releases `stretch` and `buster`. Raspberry Pi 3 images are generated for 32-bit mode only. Raspberry Pi 3 64-bit images can be generated using custom configuration parameters (```templates/rpi3-stretch-arm64-4.14.y```). | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
| ## Build dependencies | ||||
| The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user. | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r142 | ```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git bc psmisc dbus sudo``` | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
nicomanso
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r186 | It is recommended to configure the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script to build and install the latest Raspberry Pi Linux kernel. For the RPi3 this is mandatory. Kernel compilation and linking will be performed on the build system using an ARM (armhf) cross-compiler toolchain. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r113 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r387 | The script has been tested using the default `crossbuild-essential-armhf` toolchain meta package on Debian Linux `stretch` build systems. Please check the [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) for further information. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r113 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | ## Command-line parameters | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r94 | The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | ##### Command-line examples: | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r1 | ```shell | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r94 | ENABLE_UBOOT=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||
| ENABLE_CONSOLE=false ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| ENABLE_WM=xfce4 ENABLE_FBTURBO=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| ENABLE_HARDNET=true ENABLE_IPTABLES=true /rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org APT_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3142/" ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| BUILD_KERNEL=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| BUILD_KERNEL=true KERNELSRC_DIR=/tmp/linux ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=changeme EXPANDROOT=false ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| RELEASE=stretch BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| RELEASE=stretch RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
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Jan Wagner
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r67 | ``` | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r118 | ## Configuration template files | ||
| To avoid long lists of command-line parameters and to help to store the favourite parameter configurations the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script supports so called configuration template files (`CONFIG_TEMPLATE`=template). These are simple text files located in the `./templates` directory that contain the list of configuration parameters that will be used. New configuration template files can be added to the `./templates` directory. | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | ##### Command-line examples: | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r118 | ```shell | ||
| CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi3stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi2stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh | ||||
| ``` | ||||
| ## Supported parameters and settings | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | #### APT settings: | ||
| ##### `APT_SERVER`="ftp.debian.org" | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r19 | Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
| ##### `APT_PROXY`="" | ||||
Unknown
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r375 | Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once. If `apt-cacher-ng` is running on default `http://127.0.0.1:3142` it is autodetected and you don't need to set this. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
Chris Landa
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r39 | ##### `APT_INCLUDES`="" | ||
Petter Reinholdtsen
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r173 | A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping. | ||
| ##### `APT_INCLUDES_LATE`="" | ||||
| A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up. This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well. | ||||
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Chris Landa
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r39 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r134 | --- | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | #### General system settings: | ||
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Unknown
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r376 | ##### `SET_ARCH`=32 | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r387 | Set Architecture to default 32bit. If you want to to compile 64bit (RPI3 or RPI3+) set it to `64`. This option will set every needed crosscompiler or boeard specific option for a successful build. | ||
| If you want to change e.g. cross-compiler -> Templates always override defaults | ||||
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Unknown
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r376 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r94 | ##### `RPI_MODEL`=2 | ||
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Unknown
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r254 | Specifiy the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the following Raspberry Pi models: | ||
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Unknown
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r451 | - `0` = Used for Raspberry Pi 0 and Raspberry Pi 0 W | ||
| - `1` = Used for Pi 1 model A and B | ||||
| - `1P` = Used for Pi 1 model B+ and A+ | ||||
| - `2` = Used for Pi 2 model B | ||||
| - `3` = Used for Pi 3 model B | ||||
| - `3P` = Used for Pi 3 model B+ | ||||
| - `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` or `3P` is used. | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r94 | |||
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Unknown
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r375 | ##### `RELEASE`="buster" | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r387 | Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases `stretch` and `buster`. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r92 | |||
Bobberty
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r149 | ##### `RELEASE_ARCH`="armhf" | ||
| Set the desired Debian release architecture. | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r97 | ##### `HOSTNAME`="rpi$RPI_MODEL-$RELEASE" | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r16 | Set system host name. It's recommended that the host name is unique in the corresponding subnet. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
| ##### `PASSWORD`="raspberry" | ||||
Denis Mosolov
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r112 | Set system `root` password. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password. | ||
| ##### `USER_PASSWORD`="raspberry" | ||||
| Set password for the created non-root user `USER_NAME`=pi. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password. | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
| ##### `DEFLOCAL`="en_US.UTF-8" | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r88 | Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`. | ||
Vincent Knecht
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r27 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | ##### `TIMEZONE`="Europe/Berlin" | ||
| Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command. | ||||
Filip Pytloun
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r46 | ##### `EXPANDROOT`=true | ||
| Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot. | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r264 | ##### `ENABLE_QEMU`=false | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r262 | Generate kernel (`vexpress_defconfig`), file system image (`qcow2`) and DTB files that can be used for QEMU full system emulation (`vexpress-A15`). The output files are stored in the `$(pwd)/images/qemu` directory. You can find more information about running the generated image in the QEMU section of this readme file. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r134 | --- | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | #### Keyboard settings: | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r27 | These options are used to configure keyboard layout in `/etc/default/keyboard` for console and Xorg. These settings can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration` command. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r53 | |||
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Jan Wagner
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r67 | ##### `XKB_MODEL`="" | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r53 | Set the name of the model of your keyboard type. | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r67 | ##### `XKB_LAYOUT`="" | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r53 | Set the supported keyboard layout(s). | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r67 | ##### `XKB_VARIANT`="" | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r53 | Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s). | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r67 | ##### `XKB_OPTIONS`="" | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r53 | Set extra xkb configuration options. | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r27 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r134 | --- | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r67 | #### Networking settings (DHCP): | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r93 | This parameter is used to set up networking auto configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.` | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r25 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | ##### `ENABLE_DHCP`=true | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r53 | Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r134 | --- | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r67 | #### Networking settings (static): | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r93 | These parameters are used to set up a static networking configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_DHCP` was set to `false`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`. | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r25 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | ##### `NET_ADDRESS`="" | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r25 | Set a static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24". | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | ##### `NET_GATEWAY`="" | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r25 | Set the IP address for the default gateway. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | ##### `NET_DNS_1`="" | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r25 | Set the IP address for the first DNS server. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | ##### `NET_DNS_2`="" | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r25 | Set the IP address for the second DNS server. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | ##### `NET_DNS_DOMAINS`="" | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r25 | Set the default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified host names. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | ##### `NET_NTP_1`="" | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r25 | Set the IP address for the first NTP server. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r170 | ##### `NET_NTP_2`="" | ||
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Vincent Knecht
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r25 | Set the IP address for the second NTP server. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r134 | --- | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | #### Basic system features: | ||
| ##### `ENABLE_CONSOLE`=true | ||||
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Unknown
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r451 | Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system. On RPI `0` `3` `3P` the CPU speed is locked at lowest speed. | ||
| ##### `ENABLE_PRINTK`=false | ||||
| Enables printing kernel messages to konsole. printk is `3 4 1 3` as in raspbian. | ||||
| ##### `ENABLE_BLUETOOTH`=false | ||||
| Enable onboard Bluetooth interface on the RPi0/3/3P. See: https://spellfoundry.com/2016/05/29/configuring-gpio-serial-port-raspbian-jessie-including-pi-3/ | ||||
| ##### `ENABLE_MINIUART_OVERLAY`=false | ||||
| Enable Bluetooth to use this. Adds overlay to swap UART0 with UART1. Enabling (slower) Bluetooth and full speed serial console. - RPI `0` `3` `3P` have a fast `hardware UART0` (ttyAMA0) and a `mini UART1` (ttyS0)! RPI `1` `1P` `2` only have a `hardware UART0`. `UART0` is considered better, because is faster and more stable than `mini UART1`. By default the Bluetooth modem is mapped to the `hardware UART0` and `mini UART` is used for console. The `mini UART` is a problem for the serial console, because its baudrate depends on the cpu frequency, which is changing on runtime. Resulting in a volatile baudrate and thus in an unusable serial console. | ||||
| ##### `ENABLE_TURBO`=false | ||||
| Enable Turbo mode. This setting locks cpu at highest frequency. As setting ENABLE_CONSOLE=true locks RPI to lowest CPU speed, this is can be used additionally to lock cpu hat max speed. Need a good power supply and probably cooling for the Raspberry PI. | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r125 | ##### `ENABLE_I2C`=false | ||
Tobias Gruetzmacher
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r249 | Enable I2C interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r125 | |||
| ##### `ENABLE_SPI`=false | ||||
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Tobias Gruetzmacher
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r249 | Enable SPI interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r125 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | ##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r16 | Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
| ##### `ENABLE_SSHD`=true | ||||
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Jan Wagner
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r16 | Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r91 | ##### `ENABLE_NONFREE`=false | ||
| Allow the installation of non-free Debian packages that do not comply with the DFSG. This is required to install closed-source firmware binary blobs. | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r94 | ##### `ENABLE_WIRELESS`=false | ||
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Unknown
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r288 | Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/raw/master/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Raspberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `3`. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r94 | |||
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Filip Pytloun
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r45 | ##### `ENABLE_RSYSLOG`=true | ||
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Unknown
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r436 | If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only in journal files) | ||
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Filip Pytloun
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r45 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | ##### `ENABLE_SOUND`=true | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r16 | Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
| ##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true | ||||
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Jan Wagner
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r16 | Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
| ##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r19 | Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
| ##### `ENABLE_DBUS`=true | ||||
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Jan Wagner
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r16 | Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
| ##### `ENABLE_XORG`=false | ||||
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Jan Wagner
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r16 | Install Xorg open-source X Window System. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
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Jan Wagner
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r22 | ##### `ENABLE_WM`="" | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r94 | Install a user defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
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Unknown
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r275 | ##### `ENABLE_SYSVINIT`=false | ||
| Support for halt,init,poweroff,reboot,runlevel,shutdown,telinit commands | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r134 | --- | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r64 | #### Advanced system features: | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r16 | ##### `ENABLE_MINBASE`=false | ||
| Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB. | ||||
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Jan Wagner
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r73 | ##### `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r77 | Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information. | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r73 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | ##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false | ||
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Tobias Gruetzmacher
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r249 | Replace the default RPi2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r139 | ##### `UBOOTSRC_DIR`="" | ||
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Tobias Gruetzmacher
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r249 | Path to a directory (`u-boot`) of [U-Boot bootloader sources](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r139 | |||
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Jan Wagner
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r20 | ##### `ENABLE_FBTURBO`=false | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r96 | Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling. | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r20 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r142 | ##### `FBTURBOSRC_DIR`="" | ||
| Path to a directory (`xf86-video-fbturbo`) of [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver sources](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot. | ||||
|
Unknown
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r332 | ##### `ENABLE_VIDEOCORE`=false | ||
| Install and enable the [Source code for ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) `vcgencmd`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling. | ||||
| ##### `VIDEOCORESRC_DIR`="" | ||||
| Path to a directory (`userland`) of [Source code for ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot. | ||||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | ##### `ENABLE_IPTABLES`=false | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r16 | Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
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Filip Pytloun
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r45 | ##### `ENABLE_USER`=true | ||
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Denis Mosolov
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r112 | Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD`=raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, username will be `pi`. | ||
Stephen A. Brandli
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r84 | |||
| ##### `USER_NAME`=pi | ||||
| Non-root user to create. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false | ||||
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Filip Pytloun
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r45 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r108 | ##### `ENABLE_ROOT`=false | ||
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Filip Pytloun
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r45 | Set root user password so root login will be enabled | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | ##### `ENABLE_HARDNET`=false | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r16 | Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r12 | |||
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Vincent Knecht
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r65 | ##### `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false | ||
| Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`. | ||||
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Chris Landa
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r40 | ##### `CHROOT_SCRIPTS`="" | ||
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Jan Wagner
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r77 | Path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order. | ||
| ##### `ENABLE_INITRAMFS`=false | ||||
| Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. | ||||
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Chris Landa
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r40 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r92 | ##### `ENABLE_IFNAMES`=true | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r387 | Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all local Ethernet, WLAN interfaces. This might create complex and long interface names. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r92 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r130 | ##### `DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS`= | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r131 | Disable RPi2/3 under-voltage warnings and overlays. Setting the parameter to `1` will disable the warning overlay. Setting it to `2` will additionally allow RPi2/3 turbo mode when low-voltage is present. | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r130 | |||
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drtyhlpr
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r134 | --- | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r121 | #### SSH settings: | ||
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drtyhlpr
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r120 | ##### `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=false | ||
| Enable password root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with default password, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`. | ||||
| ##### `SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH`=false | ||||
| Disable password based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported. | ||||
| ##### `SSH_LIMIT_USERS`=false | ||||
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drtyhlpr
|
r142 | Limit the users that are allowed to login via SSH. Only allow user `USER_NAME`=pi and root if `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=true to login. This parameter will be ignored if `dropbear` SSH is used (`REDUCE_SSHD`=true). | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r120 | |||
| ##### `SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY`="" | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r127 | Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `root`. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported. `ENABLE_ROOT` **and** `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`. | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r120 | |||
| ##### `SSH_USER_PUB_KEY`="" | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r127 | Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `USER_NAME`=pi. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported. | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r120 | |||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r134 | --- | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r55 | #### Kernel compilation: | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r387 | ##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=true | ||
| Build and install the latest RPi2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi2/3 kernel configuration is used. | ||||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r72 | |||
|
Bobberty
|
r149 | ##### `CROSS_COMPILE`="arm-linux-gnueabihf-" | ||
| This sets the cross compile enviornment for the compiler. | ||||
| ##### `KERNEL_ARCH`="arm" | ||||
| This sets the kernel architecture for the compiler. | ||||
| ##### `KERNEL_IMAGE`="kernel7.img" | ||||
Brian J. Tarricone
|
r184 | Name of the image file in the boot partition. If not set, `KERNEL_IMAGE` will be set to "kernel8.img" automatically if building for arm64. | ||
|
Bobberty
|
r149 | |||
| ##### `KERNEL_BRANCH`="" | ||||
| Name of the requested branch from the GIT location for the RPi Kernel. Default is using the current default branch from the GIT site. | ||||
| ##### `QEMU_BINARY`="/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static" | ||||
|
Brian J. Tarricone
|
r184 | Sets the QEMU enviornment for the Debian archive. If not set, `QEMU_BINARY` will be set to "/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static" automatically if building for arm64. | ||
|
Bobberty
|
r149 | |||
| ##### `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG`="bcm2709_defconfig" | ||||
|
Brian J. Tarricone
|
r184 | Sets the default config for kernel compiling. If not set, `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG` will be set to "bcmrpi3\_defconfig" automatically if building for arm64. | ||
|
Bobberty
|
r149 | |||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r76 | ##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false | ||
| Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted device, network and filesystem drivers (experimental). | ||||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r67 | ##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1 | ||
| Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation. | ||||
|
Filip Pytloun
|
r60 | ##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r67 | Install kernel headers with built kernel. | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r71 | ##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false | ||
| Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated. | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r248 | ##### `KERNEL_OLDDEFCONFIG`=false | ||
| Run `make olddefconfig` to automatically set all new kernel configuration options to their recommended default values. | ||||
| ##### `KERNEL_CCACHE`=false | ||||
| Compile the kernel using ccache. This speeds up kernel recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again. | ||||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r75 | ##### `KERNEL_REMOVESRC`=true | ||
| Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed. | ||||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r72 | |||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r75 | ##### `KERNELSRC_DIR`="" | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r142 | Path to a directory (`linux`) of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot. | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r72 | |||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r75 | ##### `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`=false | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r77 | Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true. | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r75 | |||
| ##### `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`=true | ||||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r77 | Run `make bcm2709_defconfig` (and optional `make menuconfig`) to configure the kernel sources before building. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true. | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r75 | |||
Michal Svamberg
|
r103 | ##### `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG`="" | ||
| Copy own config file to kernel `.config`. If `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=true then running after copy. | ||||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r75 | ##### `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=false | ||
|
Michal Svamberg
|
r103 | With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`, `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed. | ||
|
Filip Pytloun
|
r60 | |||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r98 | ##### `RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR`="" | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r142 | The directory (`firmware`) containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project. | ||
|
Stephen A. Brandli
|
r83 | |||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r134 | --- | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r76 | #### Reduce disk usage: | ||
| The following list of parameters is ignored if `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false. | ||||
| ##### `REDUCE_APT`=true | ||||
| Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files. | ||||
| ##### `REDUCE_DOC`=true | ||||
| Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations. | ||||
| ##### `REDUCE_MAN`=true | ||||
| Remove all man pages and info files (harsh). Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations. | ||||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r77 | ##### `REDUCE_VIM`=false | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r76 | Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone. | ||
| ##### `REDUCE_BASH`=false | ||||
| Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental). | ||||
| ##### `REDUCE_HWDB`=true | ||||
| Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental). | ||||
| ##### `REDUCE_SSHD`=true | ||||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r77 | Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`. | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r76 | |||
| ##### `REDUCE_LOCALE`=true | ||||
| Remove all `locale` translation files. | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r134 | --- | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r77 | |||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r134 | #### Encrypted root partition: | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r77 | ##### `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=false | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r82 | Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental. SSH-to-initramfs is currently not supported but will be soon - feel free to help. | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r77 | |||
| ##### `CRYPTFS_PASSWORD`="" | ||||
| Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. | ||||
| ##### `CRYPTFS_MAPPING`="secure" | ||||
| Set name of dm-crypt managed device-mapper mapping. | ||||
| ##### `CRYPTFS_CIPHER`="aes-xts-plain64:sha512" | ||||
| Set cipher specification string. `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended. | ||||
| ##### `CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE`=512 | ||||
| Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8. | ||||
|
Denis Mosolov
|
r137 | --- | ||
| #### Build settings: | ||||
| ##### `BASEDIR`=$(pwd)/images/${RELEASE} | ||||
|
Denis Mosolov
|
r138 | Set a path to a working directory used by the script to generate an image. | ||
|
Bobberty
|
r149 | ##### `IMAGE_NAME`=${BASEDIR}/${DATE}-${KERNEL_ARCH}-${KERNEL_BRANCH}-rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}-${RELEASE_ARCH} | ||
| Set a filename for the output file(s). Note: the script will create $IMAGE_NAME.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false or $IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img and $IMAGE_NAME-root.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=true. Note 2: If the KERNEL_BRANCH is not set, the word "CURRENT" is used. | ||||
|
Denis Mosolov
|
r137 | |||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r64 | ## Understanding the script | ||
| The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the bootstrapping are split up into single files located inside the `bootstrap.d` directory. During the bootstrapping every script in this directory gets executed in lexicographical order: | ||||
| | Script | Description | | ||||
| | --- | --- | | ||||
| | `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system | | ||||
| | `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories | | ||||
| | `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings | | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r94 | | `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi2/3 Kernel | | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r141 | | `14-fstab.sh` | Setup fstab and initramfs | | ||
| | `15-rpi-config.sh` | Setup RPi2/3 config and cmdline | | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r64 | | `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking | | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r67 | | `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall | | ||
| | `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings | | ||||
| | `31-logging.sh` | Setup Logging | | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r120 | | `32-sshd.sh` | Setup SSH and public keys | | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r71 | | `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot | | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r67 | | `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver | | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r64 | | `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions | | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r77 | | `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage | | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r64 | |||
| All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS image are located inside the `files` directory. It is not recommended to modify these configuration files manually. | ||||
| | Directory | Description | | ||||
| | --- | --- | | ||||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r77 | | `apt` | APT management configuration files | | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r94 | | `boot` | Boot and RPi2/3 configuration files | | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r73 | | `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration | | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r93 | | `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts | | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r64 | | `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot | | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r82 | | `initramfs` | Initramfs scripts | | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r64 | | `iptables` | Firewall configuration files | | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r67 | | `locales` | Locales configuration | | ||
|
Jan Wagner
|
r71 | | `modules` | Kernel Modules configuration | | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r64 | | `mount` | Fstab configuration | | ||
| | `network` | Networking configuration files | | ||||
| | `sysctl.d` | Swapping and Network Hardening configuration | | ||||
| | `xorg` | fbturbo Xorg driver configuration | | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r116 | ## Custom packages and scripts | ||
|
Stephen A. Brandli
|
r86 | Debian custom packages, i.e. those not in the debian repositories, can be installed by placing them in the `packages` directory. They are installed immediately after packages from the repositories are installed. Any dependencies listed in the custom packages will be downloaded automatically from the repositories. Do not list these custom packages in `APT_INCLUDES`. | ||
| Scripts in the custom.d directory will be executed after all other installation is complete but before the image is created. | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r13 | ## Logging of the bootstrapping process | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r94 | All information related to the bootstrapping process and the commands executed by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script can easily be saved into a logfile. The common shell command `script` can be used for this purpose: | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r13 | |||
| ```shell | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r94 | script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r13 | ``` | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r12 | ## Flashing the image file | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r94 | After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`. | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r12 | |||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r170 | ##### Flashing examples: | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r12 | ```shell | ||
|
Unknown
|
r384 | bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster.img /dev/mmcblk0 | ||
| dd bs=4M if=./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r12 | ``` | ||
|
Vincent Knecht
|
r65 | If you have set `ENABLE_SPLITFS`, copy the `-frmw` image on the microSD card, then the `-root` one on the USB drive: | ||
| ```shell | ||||
|
Unknown
|
r384 | bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster-frmw.img /dev/mmcblk0 | ||
| bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster-root.img /dev/sdc | ||||
|
Vincent Knecht
|
r65 | ``` | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r262 | |||
| ## QEMU emulation | ||||
| Start QEMU full system emulation: | ||||
| ```shell | ||||
| qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=tty1" | ||||
| ``` | ||||
| Start QEMU full system emulation and output to console: | ||||
| ```shell | ||||
| qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r266 | Start QEMU full system emulation with SMP and output to console: | ||
| ```shell | ||||
| qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -smp cpus=2,maxcpus=2 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r263 | Start QEMU full system emulation with cryptfs, initramfs and output to console: | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r262 | ```shell | ||
| qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -initrd "initramfs-${KERNEL_VERSION}" -append "root=/dev/mapper/secure cryptdevice=/dev/mmcblk0p2:secure rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r94 | ## External links and references | ||
| * [Debian worldwide mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list) | ||||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r96 | * [Debian Raspberry Pi 2 Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi2) | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r116 | * [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r94 | * [Official Raspberry Pi Firmware on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware) | ||
| * [Official Raspberry Pi Kernel on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) | ||||
|
Tobias Gruetzmacher
|
r249 | * [U-BOOT git repository](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) | ||
|
drtyhlpr
|
r94 | * [Xorg DDX driver fbturbo](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) | ||
| * [RPi3 Wireless interface firmware](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm) | ||||
| * [Collabora RPi2 Kernel precompiled](https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian/) | ||||
