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1 1 # rpi23-gen-image
2 2 ## Introduction
3 3 `rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for all Raspberry Pi computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian (armhf/armel) releases `stretch` and `buster`. Raspberry Pi 0/1/2/3/4 images are generated for 32-bit mode only. Raspberry Pi 3 supports 64-bit images that can be generated using custom configuration parameters (```templates/rpi3-stretch-arm64-4.14.y```).
4 4
5 5 ## Build dependencies
6 6 The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user.
7 7
8 8 ```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git bc psmisc dbus sudo```
9 9
10 10 It is recommended to configure the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script to build and install the latest Raspberry Pi Linux kernel. For the Raspberry 3 this is mandatory. Kernel compilation and linking will be performed on the build system using an ARM (armhf/armel/aarch64) cross-compiler toolchain.
11 11
12 12 The script has been tested using the default `crossbuild-essential-armhf` and `crossbuild-essential-armel` toolchain meta packages on Debian Linux `stretch` build systems. Please check the [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) for further information.
13 13
14 14 ## Command-line parameters
15 15 The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script.
16 16
17 17 ##### Command-line examples:
18 18 ```shell
19 19 ENABLE_UBOOT=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
20 20 ENABLE_CONSOLE=false ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
21 21 ENABLE_WM=xfce4 ENABLE_FBTURBO=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
22 22 ENABLE_HARDNET=true ENABLE_IPTABLES=true /rpi23-gen-image.sh
23 23 APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org APT_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3142/" ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
24 24 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
25 25 BUILD_KERNEL=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
26 26 BUILD_KERNEL=true KERNELSRC_DIR=/tmp/linux ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
27 27 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
28 28 ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=changeme EXPANDROOT=false ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
29 RELEASE=stretch BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
29 RELEASE=buster BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
30 30 RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
31 RELEASE=stretch RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
31 RELEASE=buster RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
32 32 ```
33 33
34 34 ## Configuration template files
35 35 To avoid long lists of command-line parameters and to help to store the favourite parameter configurations the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script supports so called configuration template files (`CONFIG_TEMPLATE`=template). These are simple text files located in the `./templates` directory that contain the list of configuration parameters that will be used. New configuration template files can be added to the `./templates` directory.
36 36
37 37 ##### Command-line examples:
38 38 ```shell
39 39 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi3stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
40 40 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi2stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
41 41 ```
42 42
43 ## Supported parameters and settings
44 #### APT settings:
45 ##### `APT_SERVER`="ftp.debian.org"
46 Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process.
47
48 ##### `APT_PROXY`=""
49 Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once. If `apt-cacher-ng` is running on default `http://127.0.0.1:3142` it is autodetected and you don't need to set this.
50
51 ##### `KEEP_APT_PROXY`=false
52 Keep the APT_PROXY settings used in the bootsrapping process in the generated image.
43 ## Working with the your template:
44 * **A Pipe ("|") represents a logical OR**
45 * **A valuetype of boolean represents the options true or false**
46 * **Values without a default are required if you want do use that feature. It is possible that not every feature has a (working) sanity check.**
47 * **If it's not working as expected, search your option in all the files in this repository (With e.g.grep or notepad++).**
48 * **Check if your missing a required option while looking at the code**
53 49
54 ##### `APT_INCLUDES`=""
55 A comma-separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping.
56
57 ##### `APT_INCLUDES_LATE`=""
58 A comma-separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up. This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well.
50 ## Supported parameters and settings
59 51
52 #### APT settings:
53 |Option|Value|default value|value format|desciption|
54 |---|---|---|---|---|
55 |APT_SERVER|string|ftp.debian.org|URL|Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process.|
56 |APT_PROXY|string||URL|Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once. If `apt-cacher-ng` is running on default `http://127.0.0.1:3142` it is autodetected and you don't need to set this.|
57 |KEEP_APT_PROXY|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Keep the APT_PROXY settings used in the bootsrapping process in the generated image|
58 |APT_INCLUDES|string list||`packageA`,`packageB`,...|A comma-separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping.|
59 |APT_INCLUDES_LATE|string list||`packageA`,`packageB`,...|A comma-separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up. This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well.|
60 |APT_EXCLUDES|string list||`packageA`,`packageB`,...|A comma-separated list of packages to exclude. Use carefully|
60 61 ---
61 62
62 63 #### General system settings:
63 ##### `SET_ARCH`=32
64 Set Architecture to default 32bit. If you want to compile 64-bit (RPI3/RPI3+/RPI4) set it to `64`. This option will set every needed cross-compiler or board specific option for a successful build.
65
66 ##### `RPI_MODEL`=2
67 Specify the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the following Raspberry Pi models:
68 - `0` = Raspberry Pi 0 and Raspberry Pi 0 W
69 - `1` = Raspberry Pi 1 model A and B
70 - `1P` = Raspberry Pi 1 model B+ and A+
71 - `2` = Raspberry Pi 2 model B
72 - `3` = Raspberry Pi 3 model B
73 - `3P` = Raspberry Pi 3 model B+
74 - `4` = Raspberry Pi 4 model B
75
76 ##### `RELEASE`="buster"
77 Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases `stretch` and `buster`.
78
79 ##### `RELEASE_ARCH`="armhf"
80 Set the desired Debian release architecture.
81
82 ##### `HOSTNAME`="rpi$RPI_MODEL-$RELEASE"
83 Set system hostname. It's recommended that the hostname is unique in the corresponding subnet.
84
85 ##### `PASSWORD`="raspberry"
86 Set system `root` password. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
87
88 ##### `USER_PASSWORD`="raspberry"
89 Set password for the created non-root user `USER_NAME`=pi. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
90
91 ##### `DEFLOCAL`="en_US.UTF-8"
92 Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`.
64 |Option|Value|default value|value format|desciption|
65 |---|---|---|---|---|
66 |SET_ARCH|integer|32|`32`\|`64`|Set Architecture to default 32bit. If you want to compile 64-bit (RPI3/RPI3+/RPI4) set it to `64`. This option will set every needed cross-compiler or board specific option for a successful build.|
67 |RPI_MODEL|string|3P|`0`\|`1`\|`1P`\|`2`\|`3`\|`3P`\|`4`|Set Architecture. This option will set most build options accordingly. Specify the target Raspberry Pi hardware model.|
68 |RELEASE|string|buster|`jessie`\|`buster`\|`stretch`<br>\|`bullseye`\|`testing`\|`stable`<br>\|`oldstable`|Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases `stretch` and `buster`.|
69 |HOSTNAME|string|RPI_MODEL-RELEASE(e.g. RPI3-buster)|SomeImageName|Set system hostname. It's recommended that the hostname is unique in the corresponding subnet.|
70 |DEFLOCAL|string|en_US.UTF-8|Locale|Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`.|
71 |TIMEZONE|string|Europe/Berlin|Timezone|Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command.|
72 |EXPANDROOT|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|true=Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot|
93 73
94 ##### `TIMEZONE`="Europe/Berlin"
95 Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command.
96
97 ##### `EXPANDROOT`=true
98 Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot.
99
100 ##### `ENABLE_DPHYSSWAP`=true
101 Enable swap. The size of the swapfile is chosen relative to the size of the root partition. It'll use the `dphys-swapfile` package for that.
74 ---
102 75
103 ##### `ENABLE_QEMU`=false
104 Generate kernel (`vexpress_defconfig`), file system image (`qcow2`) and DTB files that can be used for QEMU full system emulation (`vexpress-A15`). The output files are stored in the `$(pwd)/images/qemu` directory. You can find more information about running the generated image in the QEMU section of this readme file.
76 #### User settings:
77 |Option|Value|default value|desciption|
78 |---|---|---|---|
79 |ENABLE_ROOT|boolean|false|true=root login if ROOT_PASSWORD is set|
80 |ROOT_PASSWORD|string|raspberry|Set password for `root` user. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.|
81 |ENABLE_USER|boolean|true|true=Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD` and username `USER_NAME`|
82 |USER_NAME|string|pi|Set username for non-root user, if `ENABLE_USER` is true|
83 |USER_PASSWORD|string|raspberry|Set password for non-root user, if `ENABLE_USER` is true. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.|
105 84
106 85 ---
107 86
108 87 #### Keyboard settings:
88
109 89 These options are used to configure keyboard layout in `/etc/default/keyboard` for console and Xorg. These settings can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration` command.
110 90
111 ##### `XKB_MODEL`=""
112 Set the name of the model of your keyboard type.
91 |Option|Value|default value|value format|desciption|
92 |---|---|---|---|---|
93 |XKB_MODEL|string||`pc104`|Set the name of the model of your keyboard type|
94 |XKB_LAYOUT|string||`us`|Set the supported keyboard layout(s)|
95 |XKB_VARIANT|string||`basic`|Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s)|
96 |XKB_OPTIONS|string||`grp:alt_shift_toggle`|Set extra xkb configuration options|
113 97
114 ##### `XKB_LAYOUT`=""
115 Set the supported keyboard layout(s).
98 ---
99
100 #### Networking settings:
101 ethernet setting go to `/etc/systemd/network/eth0.network`.
102 wifi settings go to `/etc/systemd/network/wlan0.network`.
116 103
117 ##### `XKB_VARIANT`=""
118 Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s).
104 The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
119 105
120 ##### `XKB_OPTIONS`=""
121 Set extra xkb configuration options.
106 |Option|Value|default value|desciption|
107 |---|---|---|---|
108 |ENABLE_IPV6|boolean|true|true=Enable IPv6 support via systemd-networkd|
109 |ENABLE_WIRELESS|boolean|false|true=Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/raw/master/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Raspberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `0`,`3`,`3P`,`4`|
110 |ENABLE_IPTABLES|boolean|false|true=Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.|
111 |ENABLE_HARDNET|boolean|false|true=Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings|
112 |ENABLE_IFNAMES|boolean|true|true=creates complex and long interface names like e.g. encx8945924. Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all NICs|
122 113
123 114 ---
124 115
125 116 #### Networking settings (DHCP):
126 This parameter is used to set up networking auto-configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
127 117
128 ##### `ENABLE_DHCP`=true
129 Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server.
118
119 |Option|Value|default value|desciption|
120 |---|---|---|---|
121 |ENABLE_ETH_DHCP|boolean|true|Set the system to use DHCP on wired interface. This requires an DHCP server|
122 |ENABLE_WIFI_DHCP|boolean|true|Set the system to use DHCP on wifi interface. This requires an DHCP server. Requires ENABLE_WIRELESS|
130 123
131 124 ---
132 125
133 #### Networking settings (static):
134 These parameters are used to set up a static networking configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_DHCP` was set to `false`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.
126 #### Networking settings (ethernet static):
127 The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_ETH_DHCP` was set to `false`.
135 128
136 ##### `NET_ADDRESS`=""
137 Set a static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24".
129 |Option|Value|value format|desciption|
130 |---|---|---|---|
131 |NET_ETH_ADDRESS|string|`CIDR`|static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24"|
132 |NET_ETH_GATEWAY|string|`IP`|default gateway|
133 |NET_ETH_DNS_1|string|`IP`|first DNS server|
134 |NET_ETH_DNS_2|string|`IP`|second DNS server|
135 |NET_ETH_DNS_DOMAINS|string|`example.local`|default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified hostnames|
136 |NET_ETH_NTP_1|string|`IP`|first NTP server|
137 |NET_ETH_NTP_2|string|`IP`|second NTP server|
138 138
139 ##### `NET_GATEWAY`=""
140 Set the IP address for the default gateway.
139 ---
141 140
142 ##### `NET_DNS_1`=""
143 Set the IP address for the first DNS server.
141 #### Networking settings (WIFI):
144 142
145 ##### `NET_DNS_2`=""
146 Set the IP address for the second DNS server.
143 |Option|Value|value format|desciption|
144 |---|---|---|---|
145 |NET_WIFI_SSID|string|`yourwifiname`|WIFI SSID|
146 |NET_WIFI_PSK|string|`yourwifikeytojoinnetwork`|WPA/WPA2 PSK|
147 147
148 ##### `NET_DNS_DOMAINS`=""
149 Set the default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified hostnames.
148 ---
150 149
151 ##### `NET_NTP_1`=""
152 Set the IP address for the first NTP server.
150 #### Networking settings (WIFI static):
151 The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_WIFI_DHCP` was set to `false`.
153 152
154 ##### `NET_NTP_2`=""
155 Set the IP address for the second NTP server.
153 |Option|Value|value format|desciption|
154 |---|---|---|---|
155 |NET_WIFI_ADDRESS|string|`CIDR`|static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24"|
156 |NET_WIFI_GATEWAY|string|`IP`|default gateway|
157 |NET_WIFI_DNS_1|string|`IP`|first DNS server|
158 |NET_WIFI_DNS_2|string|`IP`|second DNS server|
159 |NET_WIFI_DNS_DOMAINS|string|example.local|default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified hostnames|
160 |NET_WIFI_NTP_1|string|`IP`|first NTP server|
161 |NET_WIFI_NTP_2|string|`IP`|second NTP server|
156 162
157 163 ---
158 164
159 165 #### Basic system features:
160 ##### `ENABLE_CONSOLE`=true
161 Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system. On RPI `0` `3` `3P` the CPU speed is locked at lowest speed.
162
163 ##### `ENABLE_PRINTK`=false
164 Enables printing kernel messages to konsole. printk is `3 4 1 3` as in raspbian.
165
166 ##### `ENABLE_BLUETOOTH`=false
167 Enable onboard Bluetooth interface on the RPi0/3/3P. See: [Configuring the GPIO serial port on Raspbian jessie and stretch](https://spellfoundry.com/2016/05/29/configuring-gpio-serial-port-raspbian-jessie-including-pi-3/).
168
169 ##### `ENABLE_MINIUART_OVERLAY`=false
170 Enable Bluetooth to use this. Adds overlay to swap UART0 with UART1. Enabling (slower) Bluetooth and full speed serial console. - RPI `0` `3` `3P` have a fast `hardware UART0` (ttyAMA0) and a `mini UART1` (ttyS0)! RPI `1` `1P` `2` only have a `hardware UART0`. `UART0` is considered better, because is faster and more stable than `mini UART1`. By default the Bluetooth modem is mapped to the `hardware UART0` and `mini UART` is used for console. The `mini UART` is a problem for the serial console, because its baudrate depends on the CPU frequency, which is changing on runtime. Resulting in a volatile baudrate and thus in an unusable serial console.
171
172 ##### `ENABLE_TURBO`=false
173 Enable Turbo mode. This setting locks cpu at the highest frequency. As setting ENABLE_CONSOLE=true locks RPI to lowest CPU speed, this is can be used additionally to lock cpu hat max speed. Need a good power supply and probably cooling for the Raspberry PI.
174
175 ##### `ENABLE_I2C`=false
176 Enable I2C interface on the RPi 0/1/2/3. Please check the [RPi 0/1/2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
177 166
178 ##### `ENABLE_SPI`=false
179 Enable SPI interface on the RPi 0/1/2/3. Please check the [RPi 0/1/2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
180
181 ##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true
182 Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd.
183
184 ##### `ENABLE_SSHD`=true
185 Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root.
186
187 ##### `ENABLE_NONFREE`=false
188 Allow the installation of non-free Debian packages that do not comply with the DFSG. This is required to install closed-source firmware binary blobs.
189
190 ##### `ENABLE_WIRELESS`=false
191 Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/raw/master/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Raspberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `3`.
192
193 ##### `ENABLE_RSYSLOG`=true
194 If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only in journal files)
195
196 ##### `ENABLE_SOUND`=true
197 Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
198
199 ##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true
200 Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network-based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
201
202 ##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false
203 Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU.
204
205 ##### `ENABLE_DBUS`=true
206 Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled.
207
208 ##### `ENABLE_XORG`=false
209 Install Xorg open-source X Window System.
210
211 ##### `ENABLE_WM`=""
212 Install a user-defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
213
214 ##### `ENABLE_SYSVINIT`=false
215 Support for halt,init,poweroff,reboot,runlevel,shutdown,telinit commands
167 |Option|Value|default value|value format|desciption|
168 |---|---|---|---|---|
169 |ENABLE_CONSOLE|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable serial console interface.Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system. On RPI `0` `3` `3P` the CPU speed is locked at lowest speed.|
170 |ENABLE_PRINTK|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Enables printing kernel messages to konsole. printk is `3 4 1 3` as in raspbian|
171 |ENABLE_BLUETOOTH|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable onboard Bluetooth interface on the RPi0/3/3P. See: [Configuring the GPIO serial port on Raspbian jessie and stretch](https://spellfoundry.com/2016/05/29/configuring-gpio-serial-port-raspbian-jessie-including-pi-3/)|
172 |ENABLE_MINIUART_OVERLAY|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable Bluetooth to use this. Adds overlay to swap UART0 with UART1. Enabling (slower) Bluetooth and full speed serial console. - RPI `0` `3` `3P` have a fast `hardware UART0` (ttyAMA0) and a `mini UART1` (ttyS0)! RPI `1` `1P` `2` only have a `hardware UART0`. `UART0` is considered better, because is faster and more stable than `mini UART1`. By default the Bluetooth modem is mapped to the `hardware UART0` and `mini UART` is used for console. The `mini UART` is a problem for the serial console, because its baudrate depends on the CPU frequency, which is changing on runtime. Resulting in a volatile baudrate and thus in an unusable serial console.|
173 |ENABLE_TURBO|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable Turbo mode. This setting locks cpu at the highest frequency. As setting ENABLE_CONSOLE=true locks RPI to lowest CPU speed, this is can be used additionally to lock cpu hat max speed. Need a good power supply and probably cooling for the Raspberry PI|
174 |ENABLE_I2C|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable I2C interface on the RPi 0/1/2/3. Please check the [RPi 0/1/2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins|
175 |ENABLE_SPI|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable SPI interface on the RPi 0/1/2/3. Please check the [RPi 0/1/2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins|
176 |SSH_ENABLE|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root|
177 |ENABLE_NONFREE|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=enable non-free\|false=disable non free. Edits /etc/apt/sources.list in your resulting image|
178 |ENABLE_RSYSLOG|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=keep rsyslog\|false=remove rsyslog. If rsyslog is removed (false), logs will be available only in journal files)|
179 |ENABLE_SOUND|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable sound\|false=Disable sound|
180 |ENABLE_HWRANDOM|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable Hardware Random Number Generator(RNG)\|false=Disable Hardware RNG\|Strong random numbers are important for most network-based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled|
181 |ENABLE_MINGPU|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=GPU 16MB RAM\|false=64MB RAM\|Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU. Also removes start.elf,fixup.dat,start_x.elf,fixup_x.dat form /boot|
182 |ENABLE_XORG|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Install Xorg X Window System|\false=install no Xorg|
183 |ENABLE_WM|string||`blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`,<br> `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`|Install a user-defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically set true if `ENABLE_WM` is used|
184 |ENABLE_SYSVINIT|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Support for halt,init,poweroff,reboot,runlevel,shutdown,init commands\|false=use systemd commands|
185 |ENABLE_SPLASH|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable default Raspberry Pi boot up rainbow splash screen|
186 |ENABLE_LOGO|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable default Raspberry Pi console logo (image of four raspberries in the top left corner)|
187 |ENABLE_SILENT_BOOT|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Set the verbosity of console messages shown during boot up to a strict minimum|
188 |DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS|integer||`1`\|`2`|Unset to keep default behaviour. Setting the parameter to `1` will disable the warning overlay. Setting it to `2` will additionally allow RPi2/3 turbo mode when low-voltage is present|
216 189
217 190 ---
218 191
219 192 #### Advanced system features:
220 ##### `ENABLE_KEYGEN`=false
221 Recover your lost codec license
222
223 ##### `ENABLE_SYSTEMDSWAP`=false
224 Enables [Systemd-swap service](https://github.com/Nefelim4ag/systemd-swap). Usefull if `KERNEL_ZSWAP` is enabled.
225
226 ##### `ENABLE_MINBASE`=false
227 Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB.
228
229 ##### `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false
230 Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information.
231
232 ##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false
233 Replace the default RPi 0/1/2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
234 RPI4 needs tbd
235
236 ##### `UBOOTSRC_DIR`=""
237 Path to a directory (`u-boot`) of [U-Boot bootloader sources](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
238
239 ##### `ENABLE_FBTURBO`=false
240 Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
241
242 ##### `FBTURBOSRC_DIR`=""
243 Path to a directory (`xf86-video-fbturbo`) of [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver sources](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
244
245 ##### `ENABLE_VIDEOCORE`=false
246 Install and enable the [ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) `vcgencmd`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
247
248 ##### `VIDEOCORESRC_DIR`=""
249 Path to a directory (`userland`) of [ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
250
251 ##### `ENABLE_NEXMON`=false
252 Install and enable the [Source code for a C-based firmware patching framework for Broadcom/Cypress WiFi chips that enables you to write your own firmware patches, for example, to enable monitor mode with radiotap headers and frame injection](https://github.com/seemoo-lab/nexmon.git).
253
254 ##### `NEXMONSRC_DIR`=""
255 Path to a directory (`nexmon`) of [Source code for ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
256
257 ##### `ENABLE_IPTABLES`=false
258 Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.
259
260 ##### `ENABLE_USER`=true
261 Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD`=raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, the username will be `pi`.
262
263 ##### `USER_NAME`=pi
264 Non-root user to create. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false
265
266 ##### `ENABLE_ROOT`=false
267 Set root user password so root login will be enabled
268
269 ##### `ENABLE_HARDNET`=false
270 Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings.
271 193
272 ##### `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false
273 Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`.
274
275 ##### `CHROOT_SCRIPTS`=""
276 Path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order.
277
278 ##### `ENABLE_INITRAMFS`=false
279 Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false.
280
281 ##### `ENABLE_IFNAMES`=true
282 Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all local Ethernet, WLAN interfaces. This might create complex and long interface names.
283
284 ##### `ENABLE_SPLASH`=true
285 Enable default Raspberry Pi boot up rainbow splash screen.
286
287 ##### `ENABLE_LOGO`=true
288 Enable default Raspberry Pi console logo (image of four raspberries in the top left corner).
289
290 ##### `ENABLE_SILENT_BOOT`=false
291 Set the verbosity of console messages shown during boot up to a strict minimum.
292
293 ##### `DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS`=
294 Disable RPi2/3 under-voltage warnings and overlays. Setting the parameter to `1` will disable the warning overlay. Setting it to `2` will additionally allow RPi2/3 turbo mode when low-voltage is present.
194 |Option|Value|default value|value format|desciption|
195 |---|---|---|---|---|
196 |ENABLE_DPHYSSWAP|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|Enable swap. The size of the swapfile is chosen relative to the size of the root partition. It'll use the `dphys-swapfile` package for that|
197 |ENABLE_SYSTEMDSWAP|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Enables [Systemd-swap service](https://github.com/Nefelim4ag/systemd-swap). Usefull if `KERNEL_ZSWAP` is enabled|
198 |ENABLE_QEMU|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Generate kernel (`vexpress_defconfig`), file system image (`qcow2`) and DTB files that can be used for QEMU full system emulation (`vexpress-A15`). The output files are stored in the `$(pwd)/images/qemu` directory. You can find more information about running the generated image in the QEMU section of this readme file|
199 |QEMU_BINARY|string||`FullPathToQemuBinaryFile`|Sets the QEMU enviornment for the Debian archive. **Set by RPI_MODEL**|
200 |ENABLE_KEYGEN|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Recover your lost codec license|
201 |ENABLE_MINBASE|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB|
202 |ENABLE_SPLITFS|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`|
203 |ENABLE_INITRAMFS|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false|
204 |ENABLE_DBUS|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled|
205 |ENABLE_USBBOOT|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=prepare image for usbboot. use with `ENABLE_SPLTFS`=true|
206 |CHROOT_SCRIPTS|string||`FullPathToScriptFolder`|Full path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order|
207 |ENABLE_UBOOT|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Replace the default RPi 0/1/2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol. RPI4 needs tbd|
208 |UBOOTSRC_DIR|string||`FullPathToUBootFolder`|Full path to a directory named `u-boot` of [U-Boot bootloader sources](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot|
209 |ENABLE_FBTURBO|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling|
210 |FBTURBOSRC_DIR|string||`FullPathToFbTurboFolder`|Full path to a directory named `xf86-video-fbturbo` of [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver sources](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot|
211 |ENABLE_VIDEOCORE|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Install and enable the [ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) `vcgencmd`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling|
212 |VIDEOCORESRC_DIR|string||`FullPathToVideoSrcFolder`|Full path to a directory named `userland` of [ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot|
213 |ENABLE_NEXMON|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Install and enable the source code for a C-based firmware patching framework for Broadcom/Cypress WiFi chips that enables you to write your own firmware patches, for example, to enable monitor mode with radiotap headers and frame injection](https://github.com/seemoo-lab/nexmon.git)|
214 |NEXMONSRC_DIR|string||`FullPathToNexmonFolder`|Full path to a directory named `nexmon` of [Source code for ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot|
295 215
296 216 ---
297 217
298 218 #### SSH settings:
299 ##### `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=false
300 Enable password-based root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with the default password set, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
301 219
302 ##### `SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH`=false
303 Disable password-based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported.
304
305 ##### `SSH_LIMIT_USERS`=false
306 Limit the users that are allowed to login via SSH. Only allow user `USER_NAME`=pi and root if `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=true to login. This parameter will be ignored if `dropbear` SSH is used (`REDUCE_SSHD`=true).
307
308 ##### `SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY`=""
309 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `root`. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported. `ENABLE_ROOT` **and** `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
310
311 ##### `SSH_USER_PUB_KEY`=""
312 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `USER_NAME`=pi. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported.
220 |Option|Value|default value|value format|desciption|
221 |---|---|---|---|---|
222 |SSH_ENABLE_ROOT|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Enable password-based root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with the default password set, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`|
223 |SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Disable password-based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported|
224 |SSH_LIMIT_USERS|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Limit the users that are allowed to login via SSH. Only allow user `USER_NAME`=pi and root if `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=true to login. This parameter will be ignored if `dropbear` SSH is used (`REDUCE_SSHD`=true)|
225 |SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY|string||`PathToYourROOT`<br>`RSAPublicKeyFile`|Full path to file. Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `root`. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported. `ENABLE_ROOT` **and** `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`|
226 |SSH_USER_PUB_KEY|string||`PathToYourUSER`<br>`RSAPublicKeyFile`|Full path to file. Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `USER_NAME`=pi. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported|
313 227
314 228 ---
315 229
316 #### Kernel compilation:
317 ##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=true
318 Build and install the latest RPi 0/1/2/3/4 Linux kernel. The default RPi 0/1/2/3/ kernel configuration is used most of the time.
319 ENABLE_NEXMON - Changes Kernel Source to [https://github.com/Re4son/](Kali Linux Kernel)
320 Precompiled 32bit kernel for RPI0/1/2/3 by [https://github.com/hypriot/](hypriot)
321 Precompiled 64bit kernel for RPI3/4 by [https://github.com/sakaki-/](sakaki)
322
323
324 ##### `CROSS_COMPILE`="arm-linux-gnueabihf-"
325 This sets the cross-compile environment for the compiler.
326
327 ##### `KERNEL_ARCH`="arm"
328 This sets the kernel architecture for the compiler.
329
330 ##### `KERNEL_IMAGE`="kernel7.img"
331 Name of the image file in the boot partition. If not set, `KERNEL_IMAGE` will be set to "kernel8.img" automatically if building for arm64.
332
333 ##### `KERNEL_BRANCH`=""
334 Name of the requested branch from the GIT location for the RPi Kernel. Default is using the current default branch from the GIT site.
335
336 ##### `QEMU_BINARY`="/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static"
337 Sets the QEMU enviornment for the Debian archive. If not set, `QEMU_BINARY` will be set to "/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static" automatically if building for arm64.
338
339 ##### `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG`="bcm2709_defconfig"
340 Sets the default config for kernel compiling. If not set, `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG` will be set to "bcmrpi3\_defconfig" automatically if building for arm64.
341
342 ##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false
343 Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted devices, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
344
345 ##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1
346 Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation.
347
348 ##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true
349 Install kernel headers with the built kernel.
350
351 ##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false
352 Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated.
353
354 ##### `KERNEL_OLDDEFCONFIG`=false
355 Run `make olddefconfig` to automatically set all new kernel configuration options to their recommended default values.
356
357 ##### `KERNEL_CCACHE`=false
358 Compile the kernel using ccache. This speeds up kernel recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again.
359
360 ##### `KERNEL_REMOVESRC`=true
361 Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed.
362
363 ##### `KERNELSRC_DIR`=""
364 Path to a directory (`linux`) of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
365
366 ##### `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`=false
367 Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
368
369 ##### `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`=true
370 Run `make bcm2709_defconfig` (and optional `make menuconfig`) to configure the kernel sources before building. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
371
372 ##### `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG`=""
373 Copy own config file to kernel `.config`. If `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=true then running after copy.
374
375 ##### `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=false
376 With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`, `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed.
377
378 ##### `RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR`=""
379 The directory (`firmware`) containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project.
380
381 ##### `KERNEL_DEFAULT_GOV`="ONDEMAND"
382 Set the default cpu governor at kernel compilation. Supported values are: PERFORMANCE POWERSAVE USERSPACE ONDEMAND CONSERVATIVE SCHEDUTIL
383
384 ##### `KERNEL_NF`=false
385 Enable Netfilter modules as kernel modules
386
387 ##### `KERNEL_VIRT`=false
388 Enable Kernel KVM support (/dev/kvm)
389
390 ##### `KERNEL_ZSWAP`=false
391 Enable Kernel Zswap support. Best use on high RAM load and mediocre CPU load usecases
392
393 ##### `KERNEL_BPF`=true
394 Allow attaching eBPF programs to a cgroup using the bpf syscall (CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF) [systemd compilations about it - File /lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.server:36 configures an IP firewall (IPAddressDeny=all), but the local system does not support BPF/cgroup based firewalls]
395
396 ##### `KERNEL_SECURITY`=false
397 Enables Apparmor, integrity subsystem, auditing.
398
399 ##### `KERNEL_BTRFS`="false"
400 enable btrfs kernel support
401
402 ##### `KERNEL_POEHAT`="false"
403 enable Enable RPI POE HAT fan kernel support
404
405 ##### `KERNEL_NSPAWN`="false"
406 Enable per-interface network priority control - for systemd-nspawn
407
408 ##### `KERNEL_DHKEY`="true"
409 Diffie-Hellman operations on retained keys - required for >keyutils-1.6
230 #### Kernel settings:
231
232 |Option|Value|default value|value format|desciption|
233 |---|---|---|---|---|
234 |BUILD_KERNEL||true|`true`\|`false`|Build and install the latest RPi 0/1/2/3/4 Linux kernel. The default RPi 0/1/2/3/ kernel configuration is used most of the time. ENABLE_NEXMON - Changes Kernel Source to [https://github.com/Re4son/](Kali Linux Kernel) Precompiled 32bit kernel for RPI0/1/2/3 by [https://github.com/hypriot/](hypriot) Precompiled 64bit kernel for RPI3/4 by [https://github.com/sakaki-/](sakaki)|
235 |CROSS_COMPILE|string|||This sets the cross-compile environment for the compiler. Set by RPI_MODEL|
236 |KERNEL_ARCH|string|||This sets the kernel architecture for the compiler. Set by RPI_MODEL|
237 |KERNEL_IMAGE|string|||Name of the image file in the boot partition. Set by RPI_MODEL|
238 |KERNEL_BRANCH|string|||Name of the requested branch from the GIT location for the RPi Kernel. Default is using the current default branch from the GIT site|
239 |KERNEL_DEFCONFIG|string|||Sets the default config for kernel compiling. Set by RPI_MODEL|
240 |KERNEL_THREADS|integer|1|`1`\|`2`\|`3`\|...|Number of threads to build the kernel. If not set, the script will automatically determine the maximum number of CPU cores to speed up kernel compilation|
241 |KERNEL_HEADERS|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|Install kernel headers with the built kernel|
242 |KERNEL_MENUCONFIG|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated|
243 |KERNEL_OLDDEFCONFIG|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Run `make olddefconfig` to automatically set all new kernel configuration options to their recommended default values|
244 |KERNEL_CCACHE|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Compile the kernel using ccache. This speeds up kernel recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again|
245 |KERNEL_REMOVESRC|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed|
246 |KERNELSRC_DIR|string||`FullPathToKernelSrcDir`|Full path to a directory named `linux` of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot|
247 |KERNELSRC_CLEAN|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true|
248 |KERNELSRC_CONFIG|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|true=enable custom kernel options. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true|
249 |KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG|string||`FullPathToUserKernel.config`|Copy own config file to kernel `.config`. If `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=true then running after copy|
250 |KERNELSRC_PREBUILT|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`, `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed|
251 |RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR|string||`FullPathToFolder`|Full path to a directory named `firmware`, containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project|
252 |KERNEL_DEFAULT_GOV|string|ondemand|`performance`\|`powersave`<br>\|`userspace`\|`ondemand`<br>\|`conservative`\|`schedutil`|Set the default cpu governor at kernel compilation|
253 |KERNEL_NF|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Enable Netfilter modules as kernel modules. You want that for iptables|
254 |KERNEL_VIRT|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Enable Kernel KVM support (/dev/kvm)|
255 |KERNEL_ZSWAP|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Enable Kernel Zswap support. Best use on high RAM load and mediocre CPU load usecases|
256 |KERNEL_BPF|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|Allow attaching eBPF programs to a cgroup using the bpf syscall (CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF) [systemd wants it - File /lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.server:36 configures an IP firewall (IPAddressDeny=all), but the local system does not support BPF/cgroup based firewalls]|
257 |KERNEL_SECURITY|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Enables Apparmor, integrity subsystem, auditing|
258 |KERNEL_BTRFS|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|enable btrfs kernel support|
259 |KERNEL_POEHAT|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|enable Enable RPI POE HAT fan kernel support|
260 |KERNEL_NSPAWN|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Enable per-interface network priority control - for systemd-nspawn|
261 |KERNEL_DHKEY|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|Diffie-Hellman operations on retained keys - required for >keyutils-1.6|
410 262
411 263 ---
412 264
413 265 #### Reduce disk usage:
414 266 The following list of parameters is ignored if `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false.
415 267
416 ##### `REDUCE_APT`=true
417 Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files.
418
419 ##### `REDUCE_DOC`=true
420 Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations.
421
422 ##### `REDUCE_MAN`=true
423 Remove all man pages and info files (harsh). Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations.
424
425 ##### `REDUCE_VIM`=false
426 Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone.
427
428 ##### `REDUCE_BASH`=false
429 Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental).
430
431 ##### `REDUCE_HWDB`=true
432 Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental).
433
434 ##### `REDUCE_SSHD`=true
435 Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`.
436
437 ##### `REDUCE_LOCALE`=true
438 Remove all `locale` translation files.
439
268 |Option|Value|default value|value format|desciption|
269 |---|---|---|---|---|
270 |ENABLE_REDUCE|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information|
271 |REDUCE_APT|boolean|true|`true`\|`false`|Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files|
272 |REDUCE_DOC|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations|
273 |REDUCE_MAN|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Remove all man pages and info files (harsh). Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations|
274 |REDUCE_VIM|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone|
275 |REDUCE_BASH|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental)|
276 |REDUCE_HWDB|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental)|
277 |REDUCE_SSHD|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`|
278 |REDUCE_LOCALE|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Remove all `locale` translation files|
279 |REDUCE_KERNEL|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted devices, network and filesystem drivers (experimental)|
440 280 ---
441 281
442 282 #### Encrypted root partition:
443 ##### `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=false
444 Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental. SSH-to-initramfs is currently not supported but will be soon - feel free to help.
445
446 ##### `CRYPTFS_PASSWORD`=""
447 Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true.
448
449 ##### `CRYPTFS_MAPPING`="secure"
450 Set name of dm-crypt managed device-mapper mapping.
451
452 ##### `CRYPTFS_CIPHER`="aes-xts-plain64"
453 Set cipher specification string. `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended.
454
455 ##### `CRYPTFS_HASH`=sha512
456 Hash function and size to be used
457
458 ##### `CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE`=512
459 Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8.
460
461 ##### `CRYPTFS_DROPBEAR`=false
462 Enable Dropbear Initramfs support
463
464 ##### `CRYPTFS_DROPBEAR_PUBKEY`=""
465 Provide path to dropbear Public RSA-OpenSSH Key
283 #### On first boot, you will be asked to enter you password several time
284 #### See cryptsetup options for a more information about opttion values(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption)
285
286 |Option|Value|default value|value format|desciption|
287 |---|---|---|---|---|
288 |ENABLE_CRYPTFS|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental|
289 |CRYPTFS_PASSWORD|string||`YourPasswordToUnlockCrypto`|Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true|
290 |CRYPTFS_MAPPING|string|secure|YourDmName|crypsetup device-mapper name|
291 |CRYPTFS_CIPHER|string|aes-xts-plain64|`aes-cbc-essiv:sha256`|cryptsetup cipher `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended|
292 |CRYPTFS_HASH|string|sha256|`sha256`\|`sha512`|cryptsetup hash algorithm|
293 |CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE|integer|256|`256`\|`512`||Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8|
294 |CRYPTFS_DROPBEAR|boolean|false|`true`\|`false`|true=Enable Dropbear Initramfs support\|false=disable dropbear|
295 |CRYPTFS_DROPBEAR_PUBKEY|string||`PathToYourPublicDropbearKeyFile`|Full path to dropbear Public RSA-OpenSSH Key|
466 296
467 297 ---
468 298
469 299 #### Build settings:
470 ##### `BASEDIR`=$(pwd)/images/${RELEASE}
471 Set a path to a working directory used by the script to generate an image.
300 |Option|Value|default value|value format|desciption|
301 |---|---|---|---|---|
302 |BASEDIR|string||`FullPathToScriptRootDir`|If unset start from scriptroot or set to Full path to rpi123-gen-image directory|
303 |IMAGE_NAME|string||`YourImageName`|if unset creates a name after this template: rpi`RPI_MODEL`-`RELEASE`-`RELEASE_ARCH`|
472 304
473 ##### `IMAGE_NAME`=${BASEDIR}/${DATE}-${KERNEL_ARCH}-${KERNEL_BRANCH}-rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}-${RELEASE_ARCH}
474 Set a filename for the output file(s). Note: the script will create $IMAGE_NAME.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false or $IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img and $IMAGE_NAME-root.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=true. Note 2: If the KERNEL_BRANCH is not set, the word "CURRENT" is used.
305 ---
475 306
476 307 ## Understanding the script
477 308 The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the bootstrapping are split up into single files located inside the `bootstrap.d` directory. During the bootstrapping every script in this directory gets executed in lexicographical order:
478 309
479 310 | Script | Description |
480 311 | --- | --- |
481 312 | `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system |
482 313 | `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories |
483 314 | `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings |
484 315 | `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi 0/1/2/3 Kernel |
485 316 | `14-fstab.sh` | Setup fstab and initramfs |
486 317 | `15-rpi-config.sh` | Setup RPi 0/1/2/3 config and cmdline |
487 318 | `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking |
488 319 | `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall |
489 320 | `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings |
490 321 | `31-logging.sh` | Setup Logging |
491 322 | `32-sshd.sh` | Setup SSH and public keys |
492 323 | `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot |
493 324 | `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver |
494 325 | `43-videocore.sh` | Build and Setup videocore libraries |
495 326 | `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions |
496 327 | `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage |
497 328
498 329 All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS image are located inside the `files` directory. It is not recommended to modify these configuration files manually.
499 330
500 331 | Directory | Description |
501 332 | --- | --- |
502 333 | `apt` | APT management configuration files |
503 334 | `boot` | Boot and RPi 0/1/2/3 configuration files |
504 335 | `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration |
505 336 | `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts |
506 337 | `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot |
507 338 | `initramfs` | Initramfs scripts |
508 339 | `iptables` | Firewall configuration files |
509 340 | `locales` | Locales configuration |
510 341 | `modules` | Kernel Modules configuration |
511 342 | `mount` | Fstab configuration |
512 343 | `network` | Networking configuration files |
513 344 | `sysctl.d` | Swapping and Network Hardening configuration |
514 345 | `xorg` | fbturbo Xorg driver configuration |
515 346
516 347 ## Custom packages and scripts
517 348 Debian custom packages, i.e. those not in the debian repositories, can be installed by placing them in the `packages` directory. They are installed immediately after packages from the repositories are installed. Any dependencies listed in the custom packages will be downloaded automatically from the repositories. Do not list these custom packages in `APT_INCLUDES`.
518 349
519 350 Scripts in the custom.d directory will be executed after all other installation is complete but before the image is created.
520 351
521 352 ## Logging of the bootstrapping process
522 353 All information related to the bootstrapping process and the commands executed by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script can easily be saved into a logfile. The common shell command `script` can be used for this purpose:
523 354
524 355 ```shell
525 356 script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log
526 357 ```
527 358
528 359 ## Flashing the image file
529 360 After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi 0/1/2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
530 361
531 362 ##### Flashing examples:
532 363 ```shell
533 364 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster.img /dev/mmcblk0
534 365 dd bs=4M if=./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster.img of=/dev/mmcblk0
535 366 ```
536 367 If you have set `ENABLE_SPLITFS`, copy the `-frmw` image on the microSD card, then the `-root` one on the USB drive:
537 368 ```shell
538 369 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster-frmw.img /dev/mmcblk0
539 370 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster-root.img /dev/sdc
540 371 ```
541 372
542 373 ## QEMU emulation
543 374 Start QEMU full system emulation:
544 375 ```shell
545 376 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=tty1"
546 377 ```
547 378
548 379 Start QEMU full system emulation and output to console:
549 380 ```shell
550 381 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
551 382 ```
552 383
553 384 Start QEMU full system emulation with SMP and output to console:
554 385 ```shell
555 386 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -smp cpus=2,maxcpus=2 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
556 387 ```
557 388
558 389 Start QEMU full system emulation with cryptfs, initramfs and output to console:
559 390 ```shell
560 391 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -initrd "initramfs-${KERNEL_VERSION}" -append "root=/dev/mapper/secure cryptdevice=/dev/mmcblk0p2:secure rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
561 392 ```
562 393
563 394 ## External links and references
564 395 * [Debian worldwide mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list)
565 396 * [Debian Raspberry Pi 2 Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi2)
566 397 * [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains)
567 398 * [Official Raspberry Pi Firmware on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware)
568 399 * [Official Raspberry Pi Kernel on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux)
569 400 * [U-BOOT git repository](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary)
570 401 * [Xorg DDX driver fbturbo](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo)
571 402 * [RPi3 Wireless interface firmware](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm)
572 403 * [Collabora RPi2 Kernel precompiled](https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian/)
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