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1 # rpi23-gen-image
1 # rpi23-gen-image
2 ## Introduction
2 ## Introduction
3 `rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for Raspberry Pi 2 (RPi2) and Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi3) computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases "jessie" and "stretch". Raspberry Pi 3 images are currently generated for 32-bit mode only.
3 `rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for Raspberry Pi 2 (RPi2) and Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi3) computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases `jessie` and `stretch`. Raspberry Pi 3 images are currently generated for 32-bit mode only.
4
4
5 ## Build dependencies
5 ## Build dependencies
6 The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user.
6 The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user.
7
7
8 ```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git```
8 ```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git```
9
9
10 ## Command-line parameters
10 ## Command-line parameters
11 The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script.
11 The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script.
12
12
13 #####Command-line examples:
13 #####Command-line examples:
14 ```shell
14 ```shell
15 ENABLE_UBOOT=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
15 ENABLE_UBOOT=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
16 ENABLE_CONSOLE=false ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
16 ENABLE_CONSOLE=false ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
17 ENABLE_WM=xfce4 ENABLE_FBTURBO=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
17 ENABLE_WM=xfce4 ENABLE_FBTURBO=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
18 ENABLE_HARDNET=true ENABLE_IPTABLES=true /rpi23-gen-image.sh
18 ENABLE_HARDNET=true ENABLE_IPTABLES=true /rpi23-gen-image.sh
19 APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org APT_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3142/" ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
19 APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org APT_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3142/" ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
20 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
20 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
21 BUILD_KERNEL=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
21 BUILD_KERNEL=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
22 BUILD_KERNEL=true KERNELSRC_DIR=/tmp/linux ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
22 BUILD_KERNEL=true KERNELSRC_DIR=/tmp/linux ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
23 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
23 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
24 ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=changeme EXPANDROOT=false ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
24 ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=changeme EXPANDROOT=false ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
25 RELEASE=stretch BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
25 RELEASE=stretch BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
26 RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
26 RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
27 RELEASE=stretch RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
27 RELEASE=stretch RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
28 ```
28 ```
29
29
30 #### APT settings:
30 #### APT settings:
31 ##### `APT_SERVER`="ftp.debian.org"
31 ##### `APT_SERVER`="ftp.debian.org"
32 Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process.
32 Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process.
33
33
34 ##### `APT_PROXY`=""
34 ##### `APT_PROXY`=""
35 Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once.
35 Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once.
36
36
37 ##### `APT_INCLUDES`=""
37 ##### `APT_INCLUDES`=""
38 A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed during bootstrapping.
38 A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed during bootstrapping.
39
39
40 #### General system settings:
40 #### General system settings:
41 ##### `RPI_MODEL`=2
41 ##### `RPI_MODEL`=2
42 Specifiy the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the Raspberry Pi models `2` and `3`. `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` is used.
42 Specifiy the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the Raspberry Pi models `2` and `3`. `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` is used.
43
43
44 ##### `RELEASE`="jessie"
44 ##### `RELEASE`="jessie"
45 Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases "jessie" and "stretch". `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Debian release `stretch` is used.
45 Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases "jessie" and "stretch". `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Debian release `stretch` is used.
46
46
47 ##### `HOSTNAME`="rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}"
47 ##### `HOSTNAME`="rpi$RPI_MODEL-$RELEASE"
48 Set system host name. It's recommended that the host name is unique in the corresponding subnet.
48 Set system host name. It's recommended that the host name is unique in the corresponding subnet.
49
49
50 ##### `PASSWORD`="raspberry"
50 ##### `PASSWORD`="raspberry"
51 Set system `root` password. The same password is used for the created user `pi`. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
51 Set system `root` password. The same password is used for the created user `pi`. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
52
52
53 ##### `DEFLOCAL`="en_US.UTF-8"
53 ##### `DEFLOCAL`="en_US.UTF-8"
54 Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`.
54 Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`.
55
55
56 ##### `TIMEZONE`="Europe/Berlin"
56 ##### `TIMEZONE`="Europe/Berlin"
57 Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command.
57 Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command.
58
58
59 ##### `EXPANDROOT`=true
59 ##### `EXPANDROOT`=true
60 Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot.
60 Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot.
61
61
62 #### Keyboard settings:
62 #### Keyboard settings:
63 These options are used to configure keyboard layout in `/etc/default/keyboard` for console and Xorg. These settings can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration` command.
63 These options are used to configure keyboard layout in `/etc/default/keyboard` for console and Xorg. These settings can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration` command.
64
64
65 ##### `XKB_MODEL`=""
65 ##### `XKB_MODEL`=""
66 Set the name of the model of your keyboard type.
66 Set the name of the model of your keyboard type.
67
67
68 ##### `XKB_LAYOUT`=""
68 ##### `XKB_LAYOUT`=""
69 Set the supported keyboard layout(s).
69 Set the supported keyboard layout(s).
70
70
71 ##### `XKB_VARIANT`=""
71 ##### `XKB_VARIANT`=""
72 Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s).
72 Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s).
73
73
74 ##### `XKB_OPTIONS`=""
74 ##### `XKB_OPTIONS`=""
75 Set extra xkb configuration options.
75 Set extra xkb configuration options.
76
76
77 #### Networking settings (DHCP):
77 #### Networking settings (DHCP):
78 This parameter is used to set up networking auto configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
78 This parameter is used to set up networking auto configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
79
79
80 #####`ENABLE_DHCP`=true
80 #####`ENABLE_DHCP`=true
81 Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server.
81 Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server.
82
82
83 #### Networking settings (static):
83 #### Networking settings (static):
84 These parameters are used to set up a static networking configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_DHCP` was set to `false`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.
84 These parameters are used to set up a static networking configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_DHCP` was set to `false`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.
85
85
86 #####`NET_ADDRESS`=""
86 #####`NET_ADDRESS`=""
87 Set a static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24".
87 Set a static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24".
88
88
89 #####`NET_GATEWAY`=""
89 #####`NET_GATEWAY`=""
90 Set the IP address for the default gateway.
90 Set the IP address for the default gateway.
91
91
92 #####`NET_DNS_1`=""
92 #####`NET_DNS_1`=""
93 Set the IP address for the first DNS server.
93 Set the IP address for the first DNS server.
94
94
95 #####`NET_DNS_2`=""
95 #####`NET_DNS_2`=""
96 Set the IP address for the second DNS server.
96 Set the IP address for the second DNS server.
97
97
98 #####`NET_DNS_DOMAINS`=""
98 #####`NET_DNS_DOMAINS`=""
99 Set the default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified host names.
99 Set the default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified host names.
100
100
101 #####`NET_NTP_1`=""
101 #####`NET_NTP_1`=""
102 Set the IP address for the first NTP server.
102 Set the IP address for the first NTP server.
103
103
104 #####`NET_NTP_2`=""
104 #####`NET_NTP_2`=""
105 Set the IP address for the second NTP server.
105 Set the IP address for the second NTP server.
106
106
107 #### Basic system features:
107 #### Basic system features:
108 ##### `ENABLE_CONSOLE`=true
108 ##### `ENABLE_CONSOLE`=true
109 Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system.
109 Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system.
110
110
111 ##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true
111 ##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true
112 Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd.
112 Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd.
113
113
114 ##### `ENABLE_SSHD`=true
114 ##### `ENABLE_SSHD`=true
115 Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root.
115 Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root.
116
116
117 ##### `ENABLE_NONFREE`=false
117 ##### `ENABLE_NONFREE`=false
118 Allow the installation of non-free Debian packages that do not comply with the DFSG. This is required to install closed-source firmware binary blobs.
118 Allow the installation of non-free Debian packages that do not comply with the DFSG. This is required to install closed-source firmware binary blobs.
119
119
120 ##### `ENABLE_WIRELESS`=false
120 ##### `ENABLE_WIRELESS`=false
121 Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Rasberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `3`.
121 Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Raspberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `3`.
122
122
123 ##### `ENABLE_RSYSLOG`=true
123 ##### `ENABLE_RSYSLOG`=true
124 If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only
124 If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only
125 in journal files)
125 in journal files)
126
126
127 ##### `ENABLE_SOUND`=true
127 ##### `ENABLE_SOUND`=true
128 Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
128 Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
129
129
130 ##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true
130 ##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true
131 Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
131 Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
132
132
133 ##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false
133 ##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false
134 Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU.
134 Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU.
135
135
136 ##### `ENABLE_DBUS`=true
136 ##### `ENABLE_DBUS`=true
137 Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled.
137 Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled.
138
138
139 ##### `ENABLE_XORG`=false
139 ##### `ENABLE_XORG`=false
140 Install Xorg open-source X Window System.
140 Install Xorg open-source X Window System.
141
141
142 ##### `ENABLE_WM`=""
142 ##### `ENABLE_WM`=""
143 Install a user defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
143 Install a user defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
144
144
145 #### Advanced system features:
145 #### Advanced system features:
146 ##### `ENABLE_MINBASE`=false
146 ##### `ENABLE_MINBASE`=false
147 Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB.
147 Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB.
148
148
149 ##### `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false
149 ##### `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false
150 Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information.
150 Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information.
151
151
152 ##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false
152 ##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false
153 Replace the default RPi2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
153 Replace the default RPi2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
154
154
155 ##### `ENABLE_FBTURBO`=false
155 ##### `ENABLE_FBTURBO`=false
156 Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
156 Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
157
157
158 ##### `ENABLE_IPTABLES`=false
158 ##### `ENABLE_IPTABLES`=false
159 Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.
159 Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.
160
160
161 ##### `ENABLE_USER`=true
161 ##### `ENABLE_USER`=true
162 Create non-root user with password raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, username will be `pi`.
162 Create non-root user with password raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, username will be `pi`.
163
163
164 ##### `USER_NAME`=pi
164 ##### `USER_NAME`=pi
165 Non-root user to create. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false
165 Non-root user to create. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false
166
166
167 ##### `ENABLE_ROOT`=true
167 ##### `ENABLE_ROOT`=true
168 Set root user password so root login will be enabled
168 Set root user password so root login will be enabled
169
169
170 ##### `ENABLE_ROOT_SSH`=true
170 ##### `ENABLE_ROOT_SSH`=true
171 Enable password root login via SSH. May be a security risk with default
171 Enable password root login via SSH. May be a security risk with default
172 password, use only in trusted environments.
172 password, use only in trusted environments.
173
173
174 ##### `ENABLE_HARDNET`=false
174 ##### `ENABLE_HARDNET`=false
175 Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings.
175 Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings.
176
176
177 ##### `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false
177 ##### `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false
178 Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`.
178 Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`.
179
179
180 ##### `CHROOT_SCRIPTS`=""
180 ##### `CHROOT_SCRIPTS`=""
181 Path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order.
181 Path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order.
182
182
183 ##### `ENABLE_INITRAMFS`=false
183 ##### `ENABLE_INITRAMFS`=false
184 Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false.
184 Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false.
185
185
186 ##### `ENABLE_IFNAMES`=true
186 ##### `ENABLE_IFNAMES`=true
187 Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all local Ethernet, WLAN interfaces. This might create complex and long interface names. This parameter is only supported if the Debian release `stretch` is used.
187 Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all local Ethernet, WLAN interfaces. This might create complex and long interface names. This parameter is only supported if the Debian release `stretch` is used.
188
188
189 #### Kernel compilation:
189 #### Kernel compilation:
190 ##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=false
190 ##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=false
191 Build and install the latest RPi2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi2/3 kernel configuration is used. `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` is used.
191 Build and install the latest RPi2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi2/3 kernel configuration is used. `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` is used.
192
192
193 ##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false
193 ##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false
194 Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted device, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
194 Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted device, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
195
195
196 ##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1
196 ##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1
197 Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation.
197 Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation.
198
198
199 ##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true
199 ##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true
200 Install kernel headers with built kernel.
200 Install kernel headers with built kernel.
201
201
202 ##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false
202 ##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false
203 Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated.
203 Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated.
204
204
205 ##### `KERNEL_REMOVESRC`=true
205 ##### `KERNEL_REMOVESRC`=true
206 Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed.
206 Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed.
207
207
208 ##### `KERNELSRC_DIR`=""
208 ##### `KERNELSRC_DIR`=""
209 Path to a directory of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
209 Path to a directory of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
210
210
211 ##### `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`=false
211 ##### `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`=false
212 Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
212 Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
213
213
214 ##### `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`=true
214 ##### `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`=true
215 Run `make bcm2709_defconfig` (and optional `make menuconfig`) to configure the kernel sources before building. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
215 Run `make bcm2709_defconfig` (and optional `make menuconfig`) to configure the kernel sources before building. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
216
216
217 ##### `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=false
217 ##### `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=false
218 With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed.
218 With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed.
219
219
220 ##### `FIRMWAREDIR`=""
220 ##### `FIRMWAREDIR`=""
221 The directory containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project.
221 The directory containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project.
222
222
223 #### Reduce disk usage:
223 #### Reduce disk usage:
224 The following list of parameters is ignored if `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false.
224 The following list of parameters is ignored if `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false.
225
225
226 ##### `REDUCE_APT`=true
226 ##### `REDUCE_APT`=true
227 Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files.
227 Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files.
228
228
229 ##### `REDUCE_DOC`=true
229 ##### `REDUCE_DOC`=true
230 Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations.
230 Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations.
231
231
232 ##### `REDUCE_MAN`=true
232 ##### `REDUCE_MAN`=true
233 Remove all man pages and info files (harsh). Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations.
233 Remove all man pages and info files (harsh). Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations.
234
234
235 ##### `REDUCE_VIM`=false
235 ##### `REDUCE_VIM`=false
236 Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone.
236 Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone.
237
237
238 ##### `REDUCE_BASH`=false
238 ##### `REDUCE_BASH`=false
239 Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental).
239 Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental).
240
240
241 ##### `REDUCE_HWDB`=true
241 ##### `REDUCE_HWDB`=true
242 Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental).
242 Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental).
243
243
244 ##### `REDUCE_SSHD`=true
244 ##### `REDUCE_SSHD`=true
245 Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`.
245 Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`.
246
246
247 ##### `REDUCE_LOCALE`=true
247 ##### `REDUCE_LOCALE`=true
248 Remove all `locale` translation files.
248 Remove all `locale` translation files.
249
249
250 #### Encrypted root partition:
250 #### Encrypted root partition:
251
251
252 ##### `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=false
252 ##### `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=false
253 Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental. SSH-to-initramfs is currently not supported but will be soon - feel free to help.
253 Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental. SSH-to-initramfs is currently not supported but will be soon - feel free to help.
254
254
255 ##### `CRYPTFS_PASSWORD`=""
255 ##### `CRYPTFS_PASSWORD`=""
256 Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true.
256 Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true.
257
257
258 ##### `CRYPTFS_MAPPING`="secure"
258 ##### `CRYPTFS_MAPPING`="secure"
259 Set name of dm-crypt managed device-mapper mapping.
259 Set name of dm-crypt managed device-mapper mapping.
260
260
261 ##### `CRYPTFS_CIPHER`="aes-xts-plain64:sha512"
261 ##### `CRYPTFS_CIPHER`="aes-xts-plain64:sha512"
262 Set cipher specification string. `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended.
262 Set cipher specification string. `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended.
263
263
264 ##### `CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE`=512
264 ##### `CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE`=512
265 Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8.
265 Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8.
266
266
267 ## Understanding the script
267 ## Understanding the script
268 The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the bootstrapping are split up into single files located inside the `bootstrap.d` directory. During the bootstrapping every script in this directory gets executed in lexicographical order:
268 The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the bootstrapping are split up into single files located inside the `bootstrap.d` directory. During the bootstrapping every script in this directory gets executed in lexicographical order:
269
269
270 | Script | Description |
270 | Script | Description |
271 | --- | --- |
271 | --- | --- |
272 | `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system |
272 | `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system |
273 | `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories |
273 | `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories |
274 | `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings |
274 | `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings |
275 | `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi2/3 Kernel |
275 | `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi2/3 Kernel |
276 | `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking |
276 | `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking |
277 | `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall |
277 | `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall |
278 | `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings |
278 | `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings |
279 | `31-logging.sh` | Setup Logging |
279 | `31-logging.sh` | Setup Logging |
280 | `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot |
280 | `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot |
281 | `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver |
281 | `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver |
282 | `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions |
282 | `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions |
283 | `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage |
283 | `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage |
284
284
285 All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS image are located inside the `files` directory. It is not recommended to modify these configuration files manually.
285 All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS image are located inside the `files` directory. It is not recommended to modify these configuration files manually.
286
286
287 | Directory | Description |
287 | Directory | Description |
288 | --- | --- |
288 | --- | --- |
289 | `apt` | APT management configuration files |
289 | `apt` | APT management configuration files |
290 | `boot` | Boot and RPi2/3 configuration files |
290 | `boot` | Boot and RPi2/3 configuration files |
291 | `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration |
291 | `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration |
292 | `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts |
292 | `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts |
293 | `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot |
293 | `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot |
294 | `initramfs` | Initramfs scripts |
294 | `initramfs` | Initramfs scripts |
295 | `iptables` | Firewall configuration files |
295 | `iptables` | Firewall configuration files |
296 | `locales` | Locales configuration |
296 | `locales` | Locales configuration |
297 | `modules` | Kernel Modules configuration |
297 | `modules` | Kernel Modules configuration |
298 | `mount` | Fstab configuration |
298 | `mount` | Fstab configuration |
299 | `network` | Networking configuration files |
299 | `network` | Networking configuration files |
300 | `sysctl.d` | Swapping and Network Hardening configuration |
300 | `sysctl.d` | Swapping and Network Hardening configuration |
301 | `xorg` | fbturbo Xorg driver configuration |
301 | `xorg` | fbturbo Xorg driver configuration |
302
302
303 Debian custom packages, i.e. those not in the debian repositories, can be installed by placing them in the `packages` directory. They are installed immediately after packages from the repositories are installed. Any dependencies listed in the custom packages will be downloaded automatically from the repositories. Do not list these custom packages in `APT_INCLUDES`.
303 Debian custom packages, i.e. those not in the debian repositories, can be installed by placing them in the `packages` directory. They are installed immediately after packages from the repositories are installed. Any dependencies listed in the custom packages will be downloaded automatically from the repositories. Do not list these custom packages in `APT_INCLUDES`.
304
304
305 Scripts in the custom.d directory will be executed after all other installation is complete but before the image is created.
305 Scripts in the custom.d directory will be executed after all other installation is complete but before the image is created.
306
306
307 ## Logging of the bootstrapping process
307 ## Logging of the bootstrapping process
308 All information related to the bootstrapping process and the commands executed by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script can easily be saved into a logfile. The common shell command `script` can be used for this purpose:
308 All information related to the bootstrapping process and the commands executed by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script can easily be saved into a logfile. The common shell command `script` can be used for this purpose:
309
309
310 ```shell
310 ```shell
311 script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log
311 script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log
312 ```
312 ```
313
313
314 ## Flashing the image file
314 ## Flashing the image file
315 After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
315 After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
316
316
317 #####Flashing examples:
317 #####Flashing examples:
318 ```shell
318 ```shell
319 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2015-12-13-debian-jessie.img /dev/mmcblk0
319 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2015-12-13-debian-jessie.img /dev/mmcblk0
320 dd bs=4M if=./images/jessie/2015-12-13-debian-jessie.img of=/dev/mmcblk0
320 dd bs=4M if=./images/jessie/2015-12-13-debian-jessie.img of=/dev/mmcblk0
321 ```
321 ```
322 If you have set `ENABLE_SPLITFS`, copy the `-frmw` image on the microSD card, then the `-root` one on the USB drive:
322 If you have set `ENABLE_SPLITFS`, copy the `-frmw` image on the microSD card, then the `-root` one on the USB drive:
323 ```shell
323 ```shell
324 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2015-12-13-debian-jessie-frmw.img /dev/mmcblk0
324 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2015-12-13-debian-jessie-frmw.img /dev/mmcblk0
325 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2015-12-13-debian-jessie-root.img /dev/sdc
325 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2015-12-13-debian-jessie-root.img /dev/sdc
326 ```
326 ```
327
327
328 ## External links and references
328 ## External links and references
329 * [Debian worldwide mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list)
329 * [Debian worldwide mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list)
330 * [Debian Raspberry Pi 2 Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi2)
330 * [Debian Raspberry Pi 2 Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi2)
331 * [Official Raspberry Pi Firmware on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware)
331 * [Official Raspberry Pi Firmware on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware)
332 * [Official Raspberry Pi Kernel on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux)
332 * [Official Raspberry Pi Kernel on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux)
333 * [U-BOOT git repository](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary)
333 * [U-BOOT git repository](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary)
334 * [Xorg DDX driver fbturbo](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo)
334 * [Xorg DDX driver fbturbo](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo)
335 * [RPi3 Wireless interface firmware](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm)
335 * [RPi3 Wireless interface firmware](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm)
336 * [Collabora RPi2 Kernel precompiled](https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian/)
336 * [Collabora RPi2 Kernel precompiled](https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian/)
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