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1 1 # rpi23-gen-image
2 2 ## Introduction
3 3 `rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for Raspberry Pi 2 (RPi2) and Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi3) computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian (armhf) releases `stretch` and `buster`. Raspberry Pi 3 images are generated for 32-bit mode only. Raspberry Pi 3 64-bit images can be generated using custom configuration parameters (```templates/rpi3-stretch-arm64-4.11.y```).
4 4
5 5 ## Build dependencies
6 6 The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user.
7 7
8 8 ```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git bc psmisc dbus sudo```
9 9
10 10 It is recommended to configure the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script to build and install the latest Raspberry Pi Linux kernel. For the RPi3 this is mandatory. Kernel compilation and linking will be performed on the build system using an ARM (armhf) cross-compiler toolchain.
11 11
12 12 The script has been tested using the default `crossbuild-essential-armhf` toolchain meta package on Debian Linux `stretch` build systems. Please check the [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) for further information.
13 13
14 14 ## Command-line parameters
15 15 The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script.
16 16
17 17 ##### Command-line examples:
18 18 ```shell
19 19 ENABLE_UBOOT=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
20 20 ENABLE_CONSOLE=false ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
21 21 ENABLE_WM=xfce4 ENABLE_FBTURBO=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
22 22 ENABLE_HARDNET=true ENABLE_IPTABLES=true /rpi23-gen-image.sh
23 23 APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org APT_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3142/" ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
24 24 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
25 25 BUILD_KERNEL=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
26 26 BUILD_KERNEL=true KERNELSRC_DIR=/tmp/linux ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
27 27 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
28 28 ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=changeme EXPANDROOT=false ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
29 29 RELEASE=stretch BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
30 30 RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
31 31 RELEASE=stretch RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
32 32 ```
33 33
34 34 ## Configuration template files
35 35 To avoid long lists of command-line parameters and to help to store the favourite parameter configurations the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script supports so called configuration template files (`CONFIG_TEMPLATE`=template). These are simple text files located in the `./templates` directory that contain the list of configuration parameters that will be used. New configuration template files can be added to the `./templates` directory.
36 36
37 37 ##### Command-line examples:
38 38 ```shell
39 39 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi3stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
40 40 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi2stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
41 41 ```
42 42
43 43 ## Supported parameters and settings
44 44 #### APT settings:
45 45 ##### `APT_SERVER`="ftp.debian.org/debian"
46 46 Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process.
47 47
48 48 ##### `APT_PROXY`=""
49 49 Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once. If `apt-cacher-ng` is running on default `http://127.0.0.1:3142` it is autodetected and you don't need to set this.
50 50
51 51 ##### `APT_INCLUDES`=""
52 52 A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping.
53 53
54 54 ##### `APT_INCLUDES_LATE`=""
55 55 A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up. This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well.
56 56
57 57 ---
58 58
59 59 #### General system settings:
60 60 ##### `SET_ARCH`=32
61 61 Set Architecture to default 32bit. If you want to to compile 64bit (RPI3 or RPI3+) set it to `64`. This option will set every needed crosscompiler or boeard specific option for a successful build.
62 62 If you want to change e.g. cross-compiler -> Templates always override defaults
63 63
64 64 ##### `RPI_MODEL`=2
65 65 Specifiy the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the following Raspberry Pi models:
66 66 `0` = Used for Raspberry Pi 0 and Raspberry Pi 0 W
67 67 `1` = Used for Pi 1 model A and B
68 68 `1P` = Used for Pi 1 model B+ and A+
69 69 `2` = Used for Pi 2 model B
70 70 `3` = Used for Pi 3 model B
71 71 `3P` = Used for Pi 3 model B+
72 72 `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` or `3P` is used.
73 73
74 74 ##### `RELEASE`="buster"
75 75 Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases `stretch` and `buster`.
76 76
77 77 ##### `RELEASE_ARCH`="armhf"
78 78 Set the desired Debian release architecture.
79 79
80 80 ##### `HOSTNAME`="rpi$RPI_MODEL-$RELEASE"
81 81 Set system host name. It's recommended that the host name is unique in the corresponding subnet.
82 82
83 83 ##### `PASSWORD`="raspberry"
84 84 Set system `root` password. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
85 85
86 86 ##### `USER_PASSWORD`="raspberry"
87 87 Set password for the created non-root user `USER_NAME`=pi. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
88 88
89 89 ##### `DEFLOCAL`="en_US.UTF-8"
90 90 Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`.
91 91
92 92 ##### `TIMEZONE`="Europe/Berlin"
93 93 Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command.
94 94
95 95 ##### `EXPANDROOT`=true
96 96 Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot.
97 97
98 98 ##### `ENABLE_QEMU`=false
99 99 Generate kernel (`vexpress_defconfig`), file system image (`qcow2`) and DTB files that can be used for QEMU full system emulation (`vexpress-A15`). The output files are stored in the `$(pwd)/images/qemu` directory. You can find more information about running the generated image in the QEMU section of this readme file.
100 100
101 101 ---
102 102
103 103 #### Keyboard settings:
104 104 These options are used to configure keyboard layout in `/etc/default/keyboard` for console and Xorg. These settings can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration` command.
105 105
106 106 ##### `XKB_MODEL`=""
107 107 Set the name of the model of your keyboard type.
108 108
109 109 ##### `XKB_LAYOUT`=""
110 110 Set the supported keyboard layout(s).
111 111
112 112 ##### `XKB_VARIANT`=""
113 113 Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s).
114 114
115 115 ##### `XKB_OPTIONS`=""
116 116 Set extra xkb configuration options.
117 117
118 118 ---
119 119
120 120 #### Networking settings (DHCP):
121 121 This parameter is used to set up networking auto configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
122 122
123 123 ##### `ENABLE_DHCP`=true
124 124 Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server.
125 125
126 126 ---
127 127
128 128 #### Networking settings (static):
129 129 These parameters are used to set up a static networking configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_DHCP` was set to `false`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.
130 130
131 131 ##### `NET_ADDRESS`=""
132 132 Set a static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24".
133 133
134 134 ##### `NET_GATEWAY`=""
135 135 Set the IP address for the default gateway.
136 136
137 137 ##### `NET_DNS_1`=""
138 138 Set the IP address for the first DNS server.
139 139
140 140 ##### `NET_DNS_2`=""
141 141 Set the IP address for the second DNS server.
142 142
143 143 ##### `NET_DNS_DOMAINS`=""
144 144 Set the default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified host names.
145 145
146 146 ##### `NET_NTP_1`=""
147 147 Set the IP address for the first NTP server.
148 148
149 149 ##### `NET_NTP_2`=""
150 150 Set the IP address for the second NTP server.
151 151
152 152 ---
153 153
154 154 #### Basic system features:
155 155 ##### `ENABLE_CONSOLE`=true
156 Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system.
156 Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system. On `RPI_MODEL= 0,3,3P` - Bluetooth gets auto enabled if `ENABLE_CONSOLE` and `ENABLE_UBOOT` are set to `false`
157 157
158 158 ##### `ENABLE_I2C`=false
159 159 Enable I2C interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
160 160
161 161 ##### `ENABLE_SPI`=false
162 162 Enable SPI interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
163 163
164 164 ##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true
165 165 Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd.
166 166
167 167 ##### `ENABLE_SSHD`=true
168 168 Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root.
169 169
170 170 ##### `ENABLE_NONFREE`=false
171 171 Allow the installation of non-free Debian packages that do not comply with the DFSG. This is required to install closed-source firmware binary blobs.
172 172
173 173 ##### `ENABLE_WIRELESS`=false
174 174 Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/raw/master/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Raspberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `3`.
175 175
176 176 ##### `ENABLE_RSYSLOG`=true
177 177 If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only
178 178 in journal files)
179 179
180 180 ##### `ENABLE_SOUND`=true
181 181 Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
182 182
183 183 ##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true
184 184 Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
185 185
186 186 ##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false
187 187 Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU.
188 188
189 189 ##### `ENABLE_DBUS`=true
190 190 Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled.
191 191
192 192 ##### `ENABLE_XORG`=false
193 193 Install Xorg open-source X Window System.
194 194
195 195 ##### `ENABLE_WM`=""
196 196 Install a user defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
197 197
198 198 ##### `ENABLE_SYSVINIT`=false
199 199 Support for halt,init,poweroff,reboot,runlevel,shutdown,telinit commands
200 200
201 201 ---
202 202
203 203 #### Advanced system features:
204 204 ##### `ENABLE_MINBASE`=false
205 205 Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB.
206 206
207 207 ##### `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false
208 208 Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information.
209 209
210 210 ##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false
211 211 Replace the default RPi2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
212 212
213 213 ##### `UBOOTSRC_DIR`=""
214 214 Path to a directory (`u-boot`) of [U-Boot bootloader sources](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
215 215
216 216 ##### `ENABLE_FBTURBO`=false
217 217 Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
218 218
219 219 ##### `FBTURBOSRC_DIR`=""
220 220 Path to a directory (`xf86-video-fbturbo`) of [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver sources](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
221 221
222 222 ##### `ENABLE_VIDEOCORE`=false
223 223 Install and enable the [Source code for ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) `vcgencmd`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
224 224
225 225 ##### `VIDEOCORESRC_DIR`=""
226 226 Path to a directory (`userland`) of [Source code for ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
227 227
228 228 ##### `ENABLE_IPTABLES`=false
229 229 Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.
230 230
231 231 ##### `ENABLE_USER`=true
232 232 Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD`=raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, username will be `pi`.
233 233
234 234 ##### `USER_NAME`=pi
235 235 Non-root user to create. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false
236 236
237 237 ##### `ENABLE_ROOT`=false
238 238 Set root user password so root login will be enabled
239 239
240 240 ##### `ENABLE_HARDNET`=false
241 241 Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings.
242 242
243 243 ##### `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false
244 244 Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`.
245 245
246 246 ##### `CHROOT_SCRIPTS`=""
247 247 Path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order.
248 248
249 249 ##### `ENABLE_INITRAMFS`=false
250 250 Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false.
251 251
252 252 ##### `ENABLE_IFNAMES`=true
253 253 Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all local Ethernet, WLAN interfaces. This might create complex and long interface names.
254 254
255 255 ##### `DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS`=
256 256 Disable RPi2/3 under-voltage warnings and overlays. Setting the parameter to `1` will disable the warning overlay. Setting it to `2` will additionally allow RPi2/3 turbo mode when low-voltage is present.
257 257
258 258 ---
259 259
260 260 #### SSH settings:
261 261 ##### `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=false
262 262 Enable password root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with default password, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
263 263
264 264 ##### `SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH`=false
265 265 Disable password based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported.
266 266
267 267 ##### `SSH_LIMIT_USERS`=false
268 268 Limit the users that are allowed to login via SSH. Only allow user `USER_NAME`=pi and root if `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=true to login. This parameter will be ignored if `dropbear` SSH is used (`REDUCE_SSHD`=true).
269 269
270 270 ##### `SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY`=""
271 271 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `root`. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported. `ENABLE_ROOT` **and** `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
272 272
273 273 ##### `SSH_USER_PUB_KEY`=""
274 274 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `USER_NAME`=pi. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported.
275 275
276 276 ---
277 277
278 278 #### Kernel compilation:
279 279 ##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=true
280 280 Build and install the latest RPi2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi2/3 kernel configuration is used.
281 281
282 282 ##### `CROSS_COMPILE`="arm-linux-gnueabihf-"
283 283 This sets the cross compile enviornment for the compiler.
284 284
285 285 ##### `KERNEL_ARCH`="arm"
286 286 This sets the kernel architecture for the compiler.
287 287
288 288 ##### `KERNEL_IMAGE`="kernel7.img"
289 289 Name of the image file in the boot partition. If not set, `KERNEL_IMAGE` will be set to "kernel8.img" automatically if building for arm64.
290 290
291 291 ##### `KERNEL_BRANCH`=""
292 292 Name of the requested branch from the GIT location for the RPi Kernel. Default is using the current default branch from the GIT site.
293 293
294 294 ##### `QEMU_BINARY`="/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static"
295 295 Sets the QEMU enviornment for the Debian archive. If not set, `QEMU_BINARY` will be set to "/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static" automatically if building for arm64.
296 296
297 297 ##### `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG`="bcm2709_defconfig"
298 298 Sets the default config for kernel compiling. If not set, `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG` will be set to "bcmrpi3\_defconfig" automatically if building for arm64.
299 299
300 300 ##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false
301 301 Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted device, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
302 302
303 303 ##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1
304 304 Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation.
305 305
306 306 ##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true
307 307 Install kernel headers with built kernel.
308 308
309 309 ##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false
310 310 Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated.
311 311
312 312 ##### `KERNEL_OLDDEFCONFIG`=false
313 313 Run `make olddefconfig` to automatically set all new kernel configuration options to their recommended default values.
314 314
315 315 ##### `KERNEL_CCACHE`=false
316 316 Compile the kernel using ccache. This speeds up kernel recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again.
317 317
318 318 ##### `KERNEL_REMOVESRC`=true
319 319 Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed.
320 320
321 321 ##### `KERNELSRC_DIR`=""
322 322 Path to a directory (`linux`) of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
323 323
324 324 ##### `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`=false
325 325 Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
326 326
327 327 ##### `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`=true
328 328 Run `make bcm2709_defconfig` (and optional `make menuconfig`) to configure the kernel sources before building. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
329 329
330 330 ##### `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG`=""
331 331 Copy own config file to kernel `.config`. If `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=true then running after copy.
332 332
333 333 ##### `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=false
334 334 With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`, `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed.
335 335
336 336 ##### `RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR`=""
337 337 The directory (`firmware`) containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project.
338 338
339 339 ##### `KERNEL_NF`=false
340 340 Enable Netfilter modules as kernel modules
341 341
342 342 ##### `KERNEL_VIRT`=false
343 343 Enable Kernel KVM support (/dev/kvm)
344 344
345 345 ##### `KERNEL_ZSWAP`=false
346 346 Enable Kernel Zswap support. Best use on high RAM load and mediocre CPU load usecases
347 347
348 348 ##### `KERNEL_BPF`=true
349 349 Allow attaching eBPF programs to a cgroup using the bpf syscall (CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF) [systemd compilations about it - File /lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.server:36 configures an IP firewall (IPAddressDeny=all), but the local system does not support BPF/cgroup based firewalls]
350 350
351 351 ---
352 352
353 353 #### Reduce disk usage:
354 354 The following list of parameters is ignored if `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false.
355 355
356 356 ##### `REDUCE_APT`=true
357 357 Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files.
358 358
359 359 ##### `REDUCE_DOC`=true
360 360 Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations.
361 361
362 362 ##### `REDUCE_MAN`=true
363 363 Remove all man pages and info files (harsh). Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations.
364 364
365 365 ##### `REDUCE_VIM`=false
366 366 Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone.
367 367
368 368 ##### `REDUCE_BASH`=false
369 369 Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental).
370 370
371 371 ##### `REDUCE_HWDB`=true
372 372 Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental).
373 373
374 374 ##### `REDUCE_SSHD`=true
375 375 Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`.
376 376
377 377 ##### `REDUCE_LOCALE`=true
378 378 Remove all `locale` translation files.
379 379
380 380 ---
381 381
382 382 #### Encrypted root partition:
383 383 ##### `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=false
384 384 Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental. SSH-to-initramfs is currently not supported but will be soon - feel free to help.
385 385
386 386 ##### `CRYPTFS_PASSWORD`=""
387 387 Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true.
388 388
389 389 ##### `CRYPTFS_MAPPING`="secure"
390 390 Set name of dm-crypt managed device-mapper mapping.
391 391
392 392 ##### `CRYPTFS_CIPHER`="aes-xts-plain64:sha512"
393 393 Set cipher specification string. `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended.
394 394
395 395 ##### `CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE`=512
396 396 Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8.
397 397
398 398 ---
399 399
400 400 #### Build settings:
401 401 ##### `BASEDIR`=$(pwd)/images/${RELEASE}
402 402 Set a path to a working directory used by the script to generate an image.
403 403
404 404 ##### `IMAGE_NAME`=${BASEDIR}/${DATE}-${KERNEL_ARCH}-${KERNEL_BRANCH}-rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}-${RELEASE_ARCH}
405 405 Set a filename for the output file(s). Note: the script will create $IMAGE_NAME.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false or $IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img and $IMAGE_NAME-root.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=true. Note 2: If the KERNEL_BRANCH is not set, the word "CURRENT" is used.
406 406
407 407 ## Understanding the script
408 408 The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the bootstrapping are split up into single files located inside the `bootstrap.d` directory. During the bootstrapping every script in this directory gets executed in lexicographical order:
409 409
410 410 | Script | Description |
411 411 | --- | --- |
412 412 | `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system |
413 413 | `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories |
414 414 | `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings |
415 415 | `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi2/3 Kernel |
416 416 | `14-fstab.sh` | Setup fstab and initramfs |
417 417 | `15-rpi-config.sh` | Setup RPi2/3 config and cmdline |
418 418 | `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking |
419 419 | `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall |
420 420 | `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings |
421 421 | `31-logging.sh` | Setup Logging |
422 422 | `32-sshd.sh` | Setup SSH and public keys |
423 423 | `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot |
424 424 | `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver |
425 425 | `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions |
426 426 | `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage |
427 427
428 428 All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS image are located inside the `files` directory. It is not recommended to modify these configuration files manually.
429 429
430 430 | Directory | Description |
431 431 | --- | --- |
432 432 | `apt` | APT management configuration files |
433 433 | `boot` | Boot and RPi2/3 configuration files |
434 434 | `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration |
435 435 | `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts |
436 436 | `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot |
437 437 | `initramfs` | Initramfs scripts |
438 438 | `iptables` | Firewall configuration files |
439 439 | `locales` | Locales configuration |
440 440 | `modules` | Kernel Modules configuration |
441 441 | `mount` | Fstab configuration |
442 442 | `network` | Networking configuration files |
443 443 | `sysctl.d` | Swapping and Network Hardening configuration |
444 444 | `xorg` | fbturbo Xorg driver configuration |
445 445
446 446 ## Custom packages and scripts
447 447 Debian custom packages, i.e. those not in the debian repositories, can be installed by placing them in the `packages` directory. They are installed immediately after packages from the repositories are installed. Any dependencies listed in the custom packages will be downloaded automatically from the repositories. Do not list these custom packages in `APT_INCLUDES`.
448 448
449 449 Scripts in the custom.d directory will be executed after all other installation is complete but before the image is created.
450 450
451 451 ## Logging of the bootstrapping process
452 452 All information related to the bootstrapping process and the commands executed by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script can easily be saved into a logfile. The common shell command `script` can be used for this purpose:
453 453
454 454 ```shell
455 455 script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log
456 456 ```
457 457
458 458 ## Flashing the image file
459 459 After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
460 460
461 461 ##### Flashing examples:
462 462 ```shell
463 463 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster.img /dev/mmcblk0
464 464 dd bs=4M if=./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster.img of=/dev/mmcblk0
465 465 ```
466 466 If you have set `ENABLE_SPLITFS`, copy the `-frmw` image on the microSD card, then the `-root` one on the USB drive:
467 467 ```shell
468 468 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster-frmw.img /dev/mmcblk0
469 469 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster-root.img /dev/sdc
470 470 ```
471 471
472 472 ## QEMU emulation
473 473 Start QEMU full system emulation:
474 474 ```shell
475 475 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=tty1"
476 476 ```
477 477
478 478 Start QEMU full system emulation and output to console:
479 479 ```shell
480 480 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
481 481 ```
482 482
483 483 Start QEMU full system emulation with SMP and output to console:
484 484 ```shell
485 485 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -smp cpus=2,maxcpus=2 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
486 486 ```
487 487
488 488 Start QEMU full system emulation with cryptfs, initramfs and output to console:
489 489 ```shell
490 490 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -initrd "initramfs-${KERNEL_VERSION}" -append "root=/dev/mapper/secure cryptdevice=/dev/mmcblk0p2:secure rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
491 491 ```
492 492
493 493 ## External links and references
494 494 * [Debian worldwide mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list)
495 495 * [Debian Raspberry Pi 2 Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi2)
496 496 * [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains)
497 497 * [Official Raspberry Pi Firmware on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware)
498 498 * [Official Raspberry Pi Kernel on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux)
499 499 * [U-BOOT git repository](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary)
500 500 * [Xorg DDX driver fbturbo](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo)
501 501 * [RPi3 Wireless interface firmware](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm)
502 502 * [Collabora RPi2 Kernel precompiled](https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian/)
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