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1 # rpi23-gen-image
1 # rpi23-gen-image
2 ## Introduction
2 ## Introduction
3 `rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for all Raspberry Pi computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian (armhf/armel) releases `stretch` and `buster`. Raspberry Pi 0/1/2/3 images are generated for 32-bit mode only. Raspberry Pi 3 supports 64-bit images that can be generated using custom configuration parameters (```templates/rpi3-stretch-arm64-4.14.y```).
3 `rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for all Raspberry Pi computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian (armhf/armel) releases `stretch` and `buster`. Raspberry Pi 0/1/2/3 images are generated for 32-bit mode only. Raspberry Pi 3 supports 64-bit images that can be generated using custom configuration parameters (```templates/rpi3-stretch-arm64-4.14.y```).
4
4
5 ## Build dependencies
5 ## Build dependencies
6 The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user.
6 The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user.
7
7
8 ```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git bc psmisc dbus sudo```
8 ```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git bc psmisc dbus sudo```
9
9
10 It is recommended to configure the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script to build and install the latest Raspberry Pi Linux kernel. For the Raspberry 3 this is mandatory. Kernel compilation and linking will be performed on the build system using an ARM (armhf/armel) cross-compiler toolchain.
10 It is recommended to configure the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script to build and install the latest Raspberry Pi Linux kernel. For the Raspberry 3 this is mandatory. Kernel compilation and linking will be performed on the build system using an ARM (armhf/armel) cross-compiler toolchain.
11
11
12 The script has been tested using the default `crossbuild-essential-armhf` and `crossbuild-essential-armel` toolchain meta packages on Debian Linux `stretch` build systems. Please check the [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) for further information.
12 The script has been tested using the default `crossbuild-essential-armhf` and `crossbuild-essential-armel` toolchain meta packages on Debian Linux `stretch` build systems. Please check the [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) for further information.
13
13
14 ## Command-line parameters
14 ## Command-line parameters
15 The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script.
15 The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script.
16
16
17 ##### Command-line examples:
17 ##### Command-line examples:
18 ```shell
18 ```shell
19 ENABLE_UBOOT=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
19 ENABLE_UBOOT=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
20 ENABLE_CONSOLE=false ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
20 ENABLE_CONSOLE=false ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
21 ENABLE_WM=xfce4 ENABLE_FBTURBO=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
21 ENABLE_WM=xfce4 ENABLE_FBTURBO=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
22 ENABLE_HARDNET=true ENABLE_IPTABLES=true /rpi23-gen-image.sh
22 ENABLE_HARDNET=true ENABLE_IPTABLES=true /rpi23-gen-image.sh
23 APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org APT_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3142/" ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
23 APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org APT_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3142/" ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
24 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
24 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
25 BUILD_KERNEL=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
25 BUILD_KERNEL=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
26 BUILD_KERNEL=true KERNELSRC_DIR=/tmp/linux ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
26 BUILD_KERNEL=true KERNELSRC_DIR=/tmp/linux ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
27 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
27 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
28 ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=changeme EXPANDROOT=false ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
28 ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=changeme EXPANDROOT=false ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
29 RELEASE=stretch BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
29 RELEASE=stretch BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
30 RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
30 RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
31 RELEASE=stretch RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
31 RELEASE=stretch RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
32 ```
32 ```
33
33
34 ## Configuration template files
34 ## Configuration template files
35 To avoid long lists of command-line parameters and to help to store the favourite parameter configurations the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script supports so called configuration template files (`CONFIG_TEMPLATE`=template). These are simple text files located in the `./templates` directory that contain the list of configuration parameters that will be used. New configuration template files can be added to the `./templates` directory.
35 To avoid long lists of command-line parameters and to help to store the favourite parameter configurations the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script supports so called configuration template files (`CONFIG_TEMPLATE`=template). These are simple text files located in the `./templates` directory that contain the list of configuration parameters that will be used. New configuration template files can be added to the `./templates` directory.
36
36
37 ##### Command-line examples:
37 ##### Command-line examples:
38 ```shell
38 ```shell
39 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi3stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
39 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi3stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
40 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi2stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
40 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi2stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
41 ```
41 ```
42
42
43 ## Supported parameters and settings
43 ## Supported parameters and settings
44 #### APT settings:
44 #### APT settings:
45 ##### `APT_SERVER`="ftp.debian.org"
45 ##### `APT_SERVER`="ftp.debian.org"
46 Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process.
46 Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process.
47
47
48 ##### `APT_PROXY`=""
48 ##### `APT_PROXY`=""
49 Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once. If `apt-cacher-ng` is running on default `http://127.0.0.1:3142` it is autodetected and you don't need to set this.
49 Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once. If `apt-cacher-ng` is running on default `http://127.0.0.1:3142` it is autodetected and you don't need to set this.
50
50
51 ##### `KEEP_APT_PROXY`=false
51 ##### `KEEP_APT_PROXY`=false
52 Keep the APT_PROXY settings used in the bootsrapping process in the generated image.
52 Keep the APT_PROXY settings used in the bootsrapping process in the generated image.
53
53
54 ##### `APT_INCLUDES`=""
54 ##### `APT_INCLUDES`=""
55 A comma-separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping.
55 A comma-separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping.
56
56
57 ##### `APT_INCLUDES_LATE`=""
57 ##### `APT_INCLUDES_LATE`=""
58 A comma-separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up. This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well.
58 A comma-separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up. This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well.
59
59
60 ---
60 ---
61
61
62 #### General system settings:
62 #### General system settings:
63 ##### `SET_ARCH`=32
63 ##### `SET_ARCH`=32
64 Set Architecture to default 32bit. If you want to compile 64-bit (RPI3 or RPI3+) set it to `64`. This option will set every needed cross-compiler or board specific option for a successful build.
64 Set Architecture to default 32bit. If you want to compile 64-bit (RPI3 or RPI3+) set it to `64`. This option will set every needed cross-compiler or board specific option for a successful build.
65
65
66 ##### `RPI_MODEL`=2
66 ##### `RPI_MODEL`=2
67 Specify the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the following Raspberry Pi models:
67 Specify the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the following Raspberry Pi models:
68 - `0` = Raspberry Pi 0 and Raspberry Pi 0 W
68 - `0` = Raspberry Pi 0 and Raspberry Pi 0 W
69 - `1` = Raspberry Pi 1 model A and B
69 - `1` = Raspberry Pi 1 model A and B
70 - `1P` = Raspberry Pi 1 model B+ and A+
70 - `1P` = Raspberry Pi 1 model B+ and A+
71 - `2` = Raspberry Pi 2 model B
71 - `2` = Raspberry Pi 2 model B
72 - `3` = Raspberry Pi 3 model B
72 - `3` = Raspberry Pi 3 model B
73 - `3P` = Raspberry Pi 3 model B+
73 - `3P` = Raspberry Pi 3 model B+
74
74
75 ##### `RELEASE`="buster"
75 ##### `RELEASE`="buster"
76 Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases `stretch` and `buster`.
76 Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases `stretch` and `buster`.
77
77
78 ##### `RELEASE_ARCH`="armhf"
78 ##### `RELEASE_ARCH`="armhf"
79 Set the desired Debian release architecture.
79 Set the desired Debian release architecture.
80
80
81 ##### `HOSTNAME`="rpi$RPI_MODEL-$RELEASE"
81 ##### `HOSTNAME`="rpi$RPI_MODEL-$RELEASE"
82 Set system hostname. It's recommended that the hostname is unique in the corresponding subnet.
82 Set system hostname. It's recommended that the hostname is unique in the corresponding subnet.
83
83
84 ##### `PASSWORD`="raspberry"
84 ##### `PASSWORD`="raspberry"
85 Set system `root` password. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
85 Set system `root` password. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
86
86
87 ##### `USER_PASSWORD`="raspberry"
87 ##### `USER_PASSWORD`="raspberry"
88 Set password for the created non-root user `USER_NAME`=pi. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
88 Set password for the created non-root user `USER_NAME`=pi. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
89
89
90 ##### `DEFLOCAL`="en_US.UTF-8"
90 ##### `DEFLOCAL`="en_US.UTF-8"
91 Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`.
91 Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`.
92
92
93 ##### `TIMEZONE`="Europe/Berlin"
93 ##### `TIMEZONE`="Europe/Berlin"
94 Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command.
94 Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command.
95
95
96 ##### `EXPANDROOT`=true
96 ##### `EXPANDROOT`=true
97 Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot.
97 Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot.
98
98
99 ##### `ENABLE_DPHYSSWAP`=true
99 ##### `ENABLE_DPHYSSWAP`=true
100 Enable swap. The size of the swapfile is chosen relative to the size of the root partition. It'll use the `dphys-swapfile` package for that.
100 Enable swap. The size of the swapfile is chosen relative to the size of the root partition. It'll use the `dphys-swapfile` package for that.
101
101
102 ##### `ENABLE_QEMU`=false
102 ##### `ENABLE_QEMU`=false
103 Generate kernel (`vexpress_defconfig`), file system image (`qcow2`) and DTB files that can be used for QEMU full system emulation (`vexpress-A15`). The output files are stored in the `$(pwd)/images/qemu` directory. You can find more information about running the generated image in the QEMU section of this readme file.
103 Generate kernel (`vexpress_defconfig`), file system image (`qcow2`) and DTB files that can be used for QEMU full system emulation (`vexpress-A15`). The output files are stored in the `$(pwd)/images/qemu` directory. You can find more information about running the generated image in the QEMU section of this readme file.
104
104
105 ---
105 ---
106
106
107 #### Keyboard settings:
107 #### Keyboard settings:
108 These options are used to configure keyboard layout in `/etc/default/keyboard` for console and Xorg. These settings can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration` command.
108 These options are used to configure keyboard layout in `/etc/default/keyboard` for console and Xorg. These settings can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration` command.
109
109
110 ##### `XKB_MODEL`=""
110 ##### `XKB_MODEL`=""
111 Set the name of the model of your keyboard type.
111 Set the name of the model of your keyboard type.
112
112
113 ##### `XKB_LAYOUT`=""
113 ##### `XKB_LAYOUT`=""
114 Set the supported keyboard layout(s).
114 Set the supported keyboard layout(s).
115
115
116 ##### `XKB_VARIANT`=""
116 ##### `XKB_VARIANT`=""
117 Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s).
117 Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s).
118
118
119 ##### `XKB_OPTIONS`=""
119 ##### `XKB_OPTIONS`=""
120 Set extra xkb configuration options.
120 Set extra xkb configuration options.
121
121
122 ---
122 ---
123
123
124 #### Networking settings (DHCP):
124 #### Networking settings (DHCP):
125 This parameter is used to set up networking auto-configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
125 This parameter is used to set up networking auto-configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
126
126
127 ##### `ENABLE_DHCP`=true
127 ##### `ENABLE_DHCP`=true
128 Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server.
128 Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server.
129
129
130 ---
130 ---
131
131
132 #### Networking settings (static):
132 #### Networking settings (static):
133 These parameters are used to set up a static networking configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_DHCP` was set to `false`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.
133 These parameters are used to set up a static networking configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_DHCP` was set to `false`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.
134
134
135 ##### `NET_ADDRESS`=""
135 ##### `NET_ADDRESS`=""
136 Set a static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24".
136 Set a static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24".
137
137
138 ##### `NET_GATEWAY`=""
138 ##### `NET_GATEWAY`=""
139 Set the IP address for the default gateway.
139 Set the IP address for the default gateway.
140
140
141 ##### `NET_DNS_1`=""
141 ##### `NET_DNS_1`=""
142 Set the IP address for the first DNS server.
142 Set the IP address for the first DNS server.
143
143
144 ##### `NET_DNS_2`=""
144 ##### `NET_DNS_2`=""
145 Set the IP address for the second DNS server.
145 Set the IP address for the second DNS server.
146
146
147 ##### `NET_DNS_DOMAINS`=""
147 ##### `NET_DNS_DOMAINS`=""
148 Set the default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified hostnames.
148 Set the default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified hostnames.
149
149
150 ##### `NET_NTP_1`=""
150 ##### `NET_NTP_1`=""
151 Set the IP address for the first NTP server.
151 Set the IP address for the first NTP server.
152
152
153 ##### `NET_NTP_2`=""
153 ##### `NET_NTP_2`=""
154 Set the IP address for the second NTP server.
154 Set the IP address for the second NTP server.
155
155
156 ---
156 ---
157
157
158 #### Basic system features:
158 #### Basic system features:
159 ##### `ENABLE_CONSOLE`=true
159 ##### `ENABLE_CONSOLE`=true
160 Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system. On RPI `0` `3` `3P` the CPU speed is locked at lowest speed.
160 Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system. On RPI `0` `3` `3P` the CPU speed is locked at lowest speed.
161
161
162 ##### `ENABLE_PRINTK`=false
162 ##### `ENABLE_PRINTK`=false
163 Enables printing kernel messages to konsole. printk is `3 4 1 3` as in raspbian.
163 Enables printing kernel messages to konsole. printk is `3 4 1 3` as in raspbian.
164
164
165 ##### `ENABLE_BLUETOOTH`=false
165 ##### `ENABLE_BLUETOOTH`=false
166 Enable onboard Bluetooth interface on the RPi0/3/3P. See: [Configuring the GPIO serial port on Raspbian jessie and stretch](https://spellfoundry.com/2016/05/29/configuring-gpio-serial-port-raspbian-jessie-including-pi-3/).
166 Enable onboard Bluetooth interface on the RPi0/3/3P. See: [Configuring the GPIO serial port on Raspbian jessie and stretch](https://spellfoundry.com/2016/05/29/configuring-gpio-serial-port-raspbian-jessie-including-pi-3/).
167
167
168 ##### `ENABLE_MINIUART_OVERLAY`=false
168 ##### `ENABLE_MINIUART_OVERLAY`=false
169 Enable Bluetooth to use this. Adds overlay to swap UART0 with UART1. Enabling (slower) Bluetooth and full speed serial console. - RPI `0` `3` `3P` have a fast `hardware UART0` (ttyAMA0) and a `mini UART1` (ttyS0)! RPI `1` `1P` `2` only have a `hardware UART0`. `UART0` is considered better, because is faster and more stable than `mini UART1`. By default the Bluetooth modem is mapped to the `hardware UART0` and `mini UART` is used for console. The `mini UART` is a problem for the serial console, because its baudrate depends on the CPU frequency, which is changing on runtime. Resulting in a volatile baudrate and thus in an unusable serial console.
169 Enable Bluetooth to use this. Adds overlay to swap UART0 with UART1. Enabling (slower) Bluetooth and full speed serial console. - RPI `0` `3` `3P` have a fast `hardware UART0` (ttyAMA0) and a `mini UART1` (ttyS0)! RPI `1` `1P` `2` only have a `hardware UART0`. `UART0` is considered better, because is faster and more stable than `mini UART1`. By default the Bluetooth modem is mapped to the `hardware UART0` and `mini UART` is used for console. The `mini UART` is a problem for the serial console, because its baudrate depends on the CPU frequency, which is changing on runtime. Resulting in a volatile baudrate and thus in an unusable serial console.
170
170
171 ##### `ENABLE_TURBO`=false
171 ##### `ENABLE_TURBO`=false
172 Enable Turbo mode. This setting locks cpu at the highest frequency. As setting ENABLE_CONSOLE=true locks RPI to lowest CPU speed, this is can be used additionally to lock cpu hat max speed. Need a good power supply and probably cooling for the Raspberry PI.
172 Enable Turbo mode. This setting locks cpu at the highest frequency. As setting ENABLE_CONSOLE=true locks RPI to lowest CPU speed, this is can be used additionally to lock cpu hat max speed. Need a good power supply and probably cooling for the Raspberry PI.
173
173
174 ##### `ENABLE_I2C`=false
174 ##### `ENABLE_I2C`=false
175 Enable I2C interface on the RPi 0/1/2/3. Please check the [RPi 0/1/2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
175 Enable I2C interface on the RPi 0/1/2/3. Please check the [RPi 0/1/2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
176
176
177 ##### `ENABLE_SPI`=false
177 ##### `ENABLE_SPI`=false
178 Enable SPI interface on the RPi 0/1/2/3. Please check the [RPi 0/1/2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
178 Enable SPI interface on the RPi 0/1/2/3. Please check the [RPi 0/1/2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
179
179
180 ##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true
180 ##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true
181 Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd.
181 Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd.
182
182
183 ##### `ENABLE_SSHD`=true
183 ##### `ENABLE_SSHD`=true
184 Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root.
184 Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root.
185
185
186 ##### `ENABLE_NONFREE`=false
186 ##### `ENABLE_NONFREE`=false
187 Allow the installation of non-free Debian packages that do not comply with the DFSG. This is required to install closed-source firmware binary blobs.
187 Allow the installation of non-free Debian packages that do not comply with the DFSG. This is required to install closed-source firmware binary blobs.
188
188
189 ##### `ENABLE_WIRELESS`=false
189 ##### `ENABLE_WIRELESS`=false
190 Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/raw/master/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Raspberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `3`.
190 Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/raw/master/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Raspberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `3`.
191
191
192 ##### `ENABLE_RSYSLOG`=true
192 ##### `ENABLE_RSYSLOG`=true
193 If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only in journal files)
193 If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only in journal files)
194
194
195 ##### `ENABLE_SOUND`=true
195 ##### `ENABLE_SOUND`=true
196 Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
196 Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
197
197
198 ##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true
198 ##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true
199 Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network-based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
199 Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network-based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
200
200
201 ##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false
201 ##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false
202 Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU.
202 Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU.
203
203
204 ##### `ENABLE_DBUS`=true
204 ##### `ENABLE_DBUS`=true
205 Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled.
205 Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled.
206
206
207 ##### `ENABLE_XORG`=false
207 ##### `ENABLE_XORG`=false
208 Install Xorg open-source X Window System.
208 Install Xorg open-source X Window System.
209
209
210 ##### `ENABLE_WM`=""
210 ##### `ENABLE_WM`=""
211 Install a user-defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
211 Install a user-defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
212
212
213 ##### `ENABLE_SYSVINIT`=false
213 ##### `ENABLE_SYSVINIT`=false
214 Support for halt,init,poweroff,reboot,runlevel,shutdown,telinit commands
214 Support for halt,init,poweroff,reboot,runlevel,shutdown,telinit commands
215
215
216 ---
216 ---
217
217
218 #### Advanced system features:
218 #### Advanced system features:
219 ##### `ENABLE_SYSTEMDSWAP`=false
219 ##### `ENABLE_SYSTEMDSWAP`=false
220 Enables [Systemd-swap service](https://github.com/Nefelim4ag/systemd-swap). Usefull if `KERNEL_ZSWAP` is enabled.
220 Enables [Systemd-swap service](https://github.com/Nefelim4ag/systemd-swap). Usefull if `KERNEL_ZSWAP` is enabled.
221
221
222 ##### `ENABLE_MINBASE`=false
222 ##### `ENABLE_MINBASE`=false
223 Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB.
223 Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB.
224
224
225 ##### `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false
225 ##### `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false
226 Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information.
226 Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information.
227
227
228 ##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false
228 ##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false
229 Replace the default RPi 0/1/2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
229 Replace the default RPi 0/1/2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
230
230
231 ##### `UBOOTSRC_DIR`=""
231 ##### `UBOOTSRC_DIR`=""
232 Path to a directory (`u-boot`) of [U-Boot bootloader sources](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
232 Path to a directory (`u-boot`) of [U-Boot bootloader sources](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
233
233
234 ##### `ENABLE_FBTURBO`=false
234 ##### `ENABLE_FBTURBO`=false
235 Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
235 Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
236
236
237 ##### `FBTURBOSRC_DIR`=""
237 ##### `FBTURBOSRC_DIR`=""
238 Path to a directory (`xf86-video-fbturbo`) of [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver sources](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
238 Path to a directory (`xf86-video-fbturbo`) of [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver sources](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
239
239
240 ##### `ENABLE_VIDEOCORE`=false
240 ##### `ENABLE_VIDEOCORE`=false
241 Install and enable the [ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) `vcgencmd`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
241 Install and enable the [ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) `vcgencmd`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
242
242
243 ##### `VIDEOCORESRC_DIR`=""
243 ##### `VIDEOCORESRC_DIR`=""
244 Path to a directory (`userland`) of [ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
244 Path to a directory (`userland`) of [ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
245
245
246 ##### `ENABLE_NEXMON`=false
246 ##### `ENABLE_NEXMON`=false
247 Install and enable the [Source code for a C-based firmware patching framework for Broadcom/Cypress WiFi chips that enables you to write your own firmware patches, for example, to enable monitor mode with radiotap headers and frame injection](https://github.com/seemoo-lab/nexmon.git).
247 Install and enable the [Source code for a C-based firmware patching framework for Broadcom/Cypress WiFi chips that enables you to write your own firmware patches, for example, to enable monitor mode with radiotap headers and frame injection](https://github.com/seemoo-lab/nexmon.git).
248
248
249 ##### `NEXMONSRC_DIR`=""
249 ##### `NEXMONSRC_DIR`=""
250 Path to a directory (`nexmon`) of [Source code for ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
250 Path to a directory (`nexmon`) of [Source code for ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
251
251
252 ##### `ENABLE_IPTABLES`=false
252 ##### `ENABLE_IPTABLES`=false
253 Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.
253 Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.
254
254
255 ##### `ENABLE_USER`=true
255 ##### `ENABLE_USER`=true
256 Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD`=raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, the username will be `pi`.
256 Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD`=raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, the username will be `pi`.
257
257
258 ##### `USER_NAME`=pi
258 ##### `USER_NAME`=pi
259 Non-root user to create. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false
259 Non-root user to create. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false
260
260
261 ##### `ENABLE_ROOT`=false
261 ##### `ENABLE_ROOT`=false
262 Set root user password so root login will be enabled
262 Set root user password so root login will be enabled
263
263
264 ##### `ENABLE_HARDNET`=false
264 ##### `ENABLE_HARDNET`=false
265 Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings.
265 Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings.
266
266
267 ##### `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false
267 ##### `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false
268 Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`.
268 Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`.
269
269
270 ##### `CHROOT_SCRIPTS`=""
270 ##### `CHROOT_SCRIPTS`=""
271 Path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order.
271 Path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order.
272
272
273 ##### `ENABLE_INITRAMFS`=false
273 ##### `ENABLE_INITRAMFS`=false
274 Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false.
274 Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false.
275
275
276 ##### `ENABLE_IFNAMES`=true
276 ##### `ENABLE_IFNAMES`=true
277 Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all local Ethernet, WLAN interfaces. This might create complex and long interface names.
277 Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all local Ethernet, WLAN interfaces. This might create complex and long interface names.
278
278
279 ##### `ENABLE_SPLASH`=true
279 ##### `ENABLE_SPLASH`=true
280 Enable default Raspberry Pi boot up rainbow splash screen.
280 Enable default Raspberry Pi boot up rainbow splash screen.
281
281
282 ##### `ENABLE_LOGO`=true
282 ##### `ENABLE_LOGO`=true
283 Enable default Raspberry Pi console logo (image of four raspberries in the top left corner).
283 Enable default Raspberry Pi console logo (image of four raspberries in the top left corner).
284
284
285 ##### `ENABLE_SILENT_BOOT`=false
285 ##### `ENABLE_SILENT_BOOT`=false
286 Set the verbosity of console messages shown during boot up to a strict minimum.
286 Set the verbosity of console messages shown during boot up to a strict minimum.
287
287
288 ##### `DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS`=
288 ##### `DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS`=
289 Disable RPi2/3 under-voltage warnings and overlays. Setting the parameter to `1` will disable the warning overlay. Setting it to `2` will additionally allow RPi2/3 turbo mode when low-voltage is present.
289 Disable RPi2/3 under-voltage warnings and overlays. Setting the parameter to `1` will disable the warning overlay. Setting it to `2` will additionally allow RPi2/3 turbo mode when low-voltage is present.
290
290
291 ---
291 ---
292
292
293 #### SSH settings:
293 #### SSH settings:
294 ##### `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=false
294 ##### `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=false
295 Enable password-based root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with the default password set, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
295 Enable password-based root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with the default password set, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
296
296
297 ##### `SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH`=false
297 ##### `SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH`=false
298 Disable password-based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported.
298 Disable password-based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported.
299
299
300 ##### `SSH_LIMIT_USERS`=false
300 ##### `SSH_LIMIT_USERS`=false
301 Limit the users that are allowed to login via SSH. Only allow user `USER_NAME`=pi and root if `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=true to login. This parameter will be ignored if `dropbear` SSH is used (`REDUCE_SSHD`=true).
301 Limit the users that are allowed to login via SSH. Only allow user `USER_NAME`=pi and root if `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=true to login. This parameter will be ignored if `dropbear` SSH is used (`REDUCE_SSHD`=true).
302
302
303 ##### `SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY`=""
303 ##### `SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY`=""
304 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `root`. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported. `ENABLE_ROOT` **and** `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
304 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `root`. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported. `ENABLE_ROOT` **and** `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
305
305
306 ##### `SSH_USER_PUB_KEY`=""
306 ##### `SSH_USER_PUB_KEY`=""
307 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `USER_NAME`=pi. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported.
307 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `USER_NAME`=pi. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported.
308
308
309 ---
309 ---
310
310
311 #### Kernel compilation:
311 #### Kernel compilation:
312 ##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=true
312 ##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=true
313 Build and install the latest RPi 0/1/2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi 0/1/2/3 kernel configuration is used.
313 Build and install the latest RPi 0/1/2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi 0/1/2/3 kernel configuration is used.
314
314
315 ##### `CROSS_COMPILE`="arm-linux-gnueabihf-"
315 ##### `CROSS_COMPILE`="arm-linux-gnueabihf-"
316 This sets the cross-compile environment for the compiler.
316 This sets the cross-compile environment for the compiler.
317
317
318 ##### `KERNEL_ARCH`="arm"
318 ##### `KERNEL_ARCH`="arm"
319 This sets the kernel architecture for the compiler.
319 This sets the kernel architecture for the compiler.
320
320
321 ##### `KERNEL_IMAGE`="kernel7.img"
321 ##### `KERNEL_IMAGE`="kernel7.img"
322 Name of the image file in the boot partition. If not set, `KERNEL_IMAGE` will be set to "kernel8.img" automatically if building for arm64.
322 Name of the image file in the boot partition. If not set, `KERNEL_IMAGE` will be set to "kernel8.img" automatically if building for arm64.
323
323
324 ##### `KERNEL_BRANCH`=""
324 ##### `KERNEL_BRANCH`=""
325 Name of the requested branch from the GIT location for the RPi Kernel. Default is using the current default branch from the GIT site.
325 Name of the requested branch from the GIT location for the RPi Kernel. Default is using the current default branch from the GIT site.
326
326
327 ##### `QEMU_BINARY`="/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static"
327 ##### `QEMU_BINARY`="/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static"
328 Sets the QEMU enviornment for the Debian archive. If not set, `QEMU_BINARY` will be set to "/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static" automatically if building for arm64.
328 Sets the QEMU enviornment for the Debian archive. If not set, `QEMU_BINARY` will be set to "/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static" automatically if building for arm64.
329
329
330 ##### `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG`="bcm2709_defconfig"
330 ##### `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG`="bcm2709_defconfig"
331 Sets the default config for kernel compiling. If not set, `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG` will be set to "bcmrpi3\_defconfig" automatically if building for arm64.
331 Sets the default config for kernel compiling. If not set, `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG` will be set to "bcmrpi3\_defconfig" automatically if building for arm64.
332
332
333 ##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false
333 ##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false
334 Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted devices, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
334 Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted devices, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
335
335
336 ##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1
336 ##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1
337 Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation.
337 Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation.
338
338
339 ##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true
339 ##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true
340 Install kernel headers with the built kernel.
340 Install kernel headers with the built kernel.
341
341
342 ##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false
342 ##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false
343 Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated.
343 Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated.
344
344
345 ##### `KERNEL_OLDDEFCONFIG`=false
345 ##### `KERNEL_OLDDEFCONFIG`=false
346 Run `make olddefconfig` to automatically set all new kernel configuration options to their recommended default values.
346 Run `make olddefconfig` to automatically set all new kernel configuration options to their recommended default values.
347
347
348 ##### `KERNEL_CCACHE`=false
348 ##### `KERNEL_CCACHE`=false
349 Compile the kernel using ccache. This speeds up kernel recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again.
349 Compile the kernel using ccache. This speeds up kernel recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again.
350
350
351 ##### `KERNEL_REMOVESRC`=true
351 ##### `KERNEL_REMOVESRC`=true
352 Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed.
352 Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed.
353
353
354 ##### `KERNELSRC_DIR`=""
354 ##### `KERNELSRC_DIR`=""
355 Path to a directory (`linux`) of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
355 Path to a directory (`linux`) of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
356
356
357 ##### `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`=false
357 ##### `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`=false
358 Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
358 Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
359
359
360 ##### `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`=true
360 ##### `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`=true
361 Run `make bcm2709_defconfig` (and optional `make menuconfig`) to configure the kernel sources before building. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
361 Run `make bcm2709_defconfig` (and optional `make menuconfig`) to configure the kernel sources before building. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
362
362
363 ##### `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG`=""
363 ##### `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG`=""
364 Copy own config file to kernel `.config`. If `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=true then running after copy.
364 Copy own config file to kernel `.config`. If `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=true then running after copy.
365
365
366 ##### `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=false
366 ##### `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=false
367 With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`, `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed.
367 With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`, `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed.
368
368
369 ##### `RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR`=""
369 ##### `RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR`=""
370 The directory (`firmware`) containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project.
370 The directory (`firmware`) containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project.
371
371
372 ##### `KERNEL_DEFAULT_GOV`="ONDEMAND"
372 ##### `KERNEL_DEFAULT_GOV`="ONDEMAND"
373 Set the default cpu governor at kernel compilation. Supported values are: PERFORMANCE POWERSAVE USERSPACE ONDEMAND CONSERVATIVE SCHEDUTIL
373 Set the default cpu governor at kernel compilation. Supported values are: PERFORMANCE POWERSAVE USERSPACE ONDEMAND CONSERVATIVE SCHEDUTIL
374
374
375 ##### `KERNEL_NF`=false
375 ##### `KERNEL_NF`=false
376 Enable Netfilter modules as kernel modules
376 Enable Netfilter modules as kernel modules
377
377
378 ##### `KERNEL_VIRT`=false
378 ##### `KERNEL_VIRT`=false
379 Enable Kernel KVM support (/dev/kvm)
379 Enable Kernel KVM support (/dev/kvm)
380
380
381 ##### `KERNEL_ZSWAP`=false
381 ##### `KERNEL_ZSWAP`=false
382 Enable Kernel Zswap support. Best use on high RAM load and mediocre CPU load usecases
382 Enable Kernel Zswap support. Best use on high RAM load and mediocre CPU load usecases
383
383
384 ##### `KERNEL_BPF`=true
384 ##### `KERNEL_BPF`=true
385 Allow attaching eBPF programs to a cgroup using the bpf syscall (CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF) [systemd compilations about it - File /lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.server:36 configures an IP firewall (IPAddressDeny=all), but the local system does not support BPF/cgroup based firewalls]
385 Allow attaching eBPF programs to a cgroup using the bpf syscall (CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF) [systemd compilations about it - File /lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.server:36 configures an IP firewall (IPAddressDeny=all), but the local system does not support BPF/cgroup based firewalls]
386
386
387 ##### `KERNEL_SECURITY`=false
387 ##### `KERNEL_SECURITY`=false
388 Enables Apparmor, integrity subsystem, auditing.
388 Enables Apparmor, integrity subsystem, auditing.
389
389
390 ---
390 ---
391
391
392 #### Reduce disk usage:
392 #### Reduce disk usage:
393 The following list of parameters is ignored if `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false.
393 The following list of parameters is ignored if `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false.
394
394
395 ##### `REDUCE_APT`=true
395 ##### `REDUCE_APT`=true
396 Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files.
396 Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files.
397
397
398 ##### `REDUCE_DOC`=true
398 ##### `REDUCE_DOC`=true
399 Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations.
399 Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations.
400
400
401 ##### `REDUCE_MAN`=true
401 ##### `REDUCE_MAN`=true
402 Remove all man pages and info files (harsh). Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations.
402 Remove all man pages and info files (harsh). Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations.
403
403
404 ##### `REDUCE_VIM`=false
404 ##### `REDUCE_VIM`=false
405 Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone.
405 Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone.
406
406
407 ##### `REDUCE_BASH`=false
407 ##### `REDUCE_BASH`=false
408 Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental).
408 Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental).
409
409
410 ##### `REDUCE_HWDB`=true
410 ##### `REDUCE_HWDB`=true
411 Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental).
411 Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental).
412
412
413 ##### `REDUCE_SSHD`=true
413 ##### `REDUCE_SSHD`=true
414 Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`.
414 Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`.
415
415
416 ##### `REDUCE_LOCALE`=true
416 ##### `REDUCE_LOCALE`=true
417 Remove all `locale` translation files.
417 Remove all `locale` translation files.
418
418
419 ---
419 ---
420
420
421 #### Encrypted root partition:
421 #### Encrypted root partition:
422 ##### `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=false
422 ##### `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=false
423 Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental. SSH-to-initramfs is currently not supported but will be soon - feel free to help.
423 Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental. SSH-to-initramfs is currently not supported but will be soon - feel free to help.
424
424
425 ##### `CRYPTFS_PASSWORD`=""
425 ##### `CRYPTFS_PASSWORD`=""
426 Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true.
426 Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true.
427
427
428 ##### `CRYPTFS_MAPPING`="secure"
428 ##### `CRYPTFS_MAPPING`="secure"
429 Set name of dm-crypt managed device-mapper mapping.
429 Set name of dm-crypt managed device-mapper mapping.
430
430
431 ##### `CRYPTFS_CIPHER`="aes-xts-plain64:sha512"
431 ##### `CRYPTFS_CIPHER`="aes-xts-plain64:sha512"
432 Set cipher specification string. `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended.
432 Set cipher specification string. `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended.
433
433
434 ##### `CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE`=512
434 ##### `CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE`=512
435 Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8.
435 Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8.
436
436
437 ##### `CRYPTFS_DROPBEAR`=false
437 ##### `CRYPTFS_DROPBEAR`=false
438 Enable Dropbear Initramfs support
438 Enable Dropbear Initramfs support
439
439
440 ##### `CRYPTFS_DROPBEAR_PUBKEY`=""
440 ##### `CRYPTFS_DROPBEAR_PUBKEY`=""
441 Provide path to dropbear Public RSA-OpenSSH Key
441 Provide path to dropbear Public RSA-OpenSSH Key
442
442
443 ---
443 ---
444
444
445 #### Build settings:
445 #### Build settings:
446 ##### `BASEDIR`=$(pwd)/images/${RELEASE}
446 ##### `BASEDIR`=$(pwd)/images/${RELEASE}
447 Set a path to a working directory used by the script to generate an image.
447 Set a path to a working directory used by the script to generate an image.
448
448
449 ##### `IMAGE_NAME`=${BASEDIR}/${DATE}-${KERNEL_ARCH}-${KERNEL_BRANCH}-rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}-${RELEASE_ARCH}
449 ##### `IMAGE_NAME`=${BASEDIR}/${DATE}-${KERNEL_ARCH}-${KERNEL_BRANCH}-rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}-${RELEASE_ARCH}
450 Set a filename for the output file(s). Note: the script will create $IMAGE_NAME.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false or $IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img and $IMAGE_NAME-root.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=true. Note 2: If the KERNEL_BRANCH is not set, the word "CURRENT" is used.
450 Set a filename for the output file(s). Note: the script will create $IMAGE_NAME.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false or $IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img and $IMAGE_NAME-root.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=true. Note 2: If the KERNEL_BRANCH is not set, the word "CURRENT" is used.
451
451
452 ## Understanding the script
452 ## Understanding the script
453 The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the bootstrapping are split up into single files located inside the `bootstrap.d` directory. During the bootstrapping every script in this directory gets executed in lexicographical order:
453 The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the bootstrapping are split up into single files located inside the `bootstrap.d` directory. During the bootstrapping every script in this directory gets executed in lexicographical order:
454
454
455 | Script | Description |
455 | Script | Description |
456 | --- | --- |
456 | --- | --- |
457 | `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system |
457 | `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system |
458 | `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories |
458 | `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories |
459 | `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings |
459 | `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings |
460 | `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi 0/1/2/3 Kernel |
460 | `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi 0/1/2/3 Kernel |
461 | `14-fstab.sh` | Setup fstab and initramfs |
461 | `14-fstab.sh` | Setup fstab and initramfs |
462 | `15-rpi-config.sh` | Setup RPi 0/1/2/3 config and cmdline |
462 | `15-rpi-config.sh` | Setup RPi 0/1/2/3 config and cmdline |
463 | `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking |
463 | `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking |
464 | `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall |
464 | `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall |
465 | `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings |
465 | `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings |
466 | `31-logging.sh` | Setup Logging |
466 | `31-logging.sh` | Setup Logging |
467 | `32-sshd.sh` | Setup SSH and public keys |
467 | `32-sshd.sh` | Setup SSH and public keys |
468 | `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot |
468 | `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot |
469 | `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver |
469 | `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver |
470 | `43-videocore.sh` | Build and Setup videocore libraries |
470 | `43-videocore.sh` | Build and Setup videocore libraries |
471 | `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions |
471 | `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions |
472 | `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage |
472 | `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage |
473
473
474 All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS image are located inside the `files` directory. It is not recommended to modify these configuration files manually.
474 All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS image are located inside the `files` directory. It is not recommended to modify these configuration files manually.
475
475
476 | Directory | Description |
476 | Directory | Description |
477 | --- | --- |
477 | --- | --- |
478 | `apt` | APT management configuration files |
478 | `apt` | APT management configuration files |
479 | `boot` | Boot and RPi 0/1/2/3 configuration files |
479 | `boot` | Boot and RPi 0/1/2/3 configuration files |
480 | `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration |
480 | `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration |
481 | `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts |
481 | `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts |
482 | `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot |
482 | `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot |
483 | `initramfs` | Initramfs scripts |
483 | `initramfs` | Initramfs scripts |
484 | `iptables` | Firewall configuration files |
484 | `iptables` | Firewall configuration files |
485 | `locales` | Locales configuration |
485 | `locales` | Locales configuration |
486 | `modules` | Kernel Modules configuration |
486 | `modules` | Kernel Modules configuration |
487 | `mount` | Fstab configuration |
487 | `mount` | Fstab configuration |
488 | `network` | Networking configuration files |
488 | `network` | Networking configuration files |
489 | `sysctl.d` | Swapping and Network Hardening configuration |
489 | `sysctl.d` | Swapping and Network Hardening configuration |
490 | `xorg` | fbturbo Xorg driver configuration |
490 | `xorg` | fbturbo Xorg driver configuration |
491
491
492 ## Custom packages and scripts
492 ## Custom packages and scripts
493 Debian custom packages, i.e. those not in the debian repositories, can be installed by placing them in the `packages` directory. They are installed immediately after packages from the repositories are installed. Any dependencies listed in the custom packages will be downloaded automatically from the repositories. Do not list these custom packages in `APT_INCLUDES`.
493 Debian custom packages, i.e. those not in the debian repositories, can be installed by placing them in the `packages` directory. They are installed immediately after packages from the repositories are installed. Any dependencies listed in the custom packages will be downloaded automatically from the repositories. Do not list these custom packages in `APT_INCLUDES`.
494
494
495 Scripts in the custom.d directory will be executed after all other installation is complete but before the image is created.
495 Scripts in the custom.d directory will be executed after all other installation is complete but before the image is created.
496
496
497 ## Logging of the bootstrapping process
497 ## Logging of the bootstrapping process
498 All information related to the bootstrapping process and the commands executed by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script can easily be saved into a logfile. The common shell command `script` can be used for this purpose:
498 All information related to the bootstrapping process and the commands executed by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script can easily be saved into a logfile. The common shell command `script` can be used for this purpose:
499
499
500 ```shell
500 ```shell
501 script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log
501 script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log
502 ```
502 ```
503
503
504 ## Flashing the image file
504 ## Flashing the image file
505 After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi 0/1/2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
505 After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi 0/1/2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
506
506
507 ##### Flashing examples:
507 ##### Flashing examples:
508 ```shell
508 ```shell
509 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster.img /dev/mmcblk0
509 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster.img /dev/mmcblk0
510 dd bs=4M if=./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster.img of=/dev/mmcblk0
510 dd bs=4M if=./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster.img of=/dev/mmcblk0
511 ```
511 ```
512 If you have set `ENABLE_SPLITFS`, copy the `-frmw` image on the microSD card, then the `-root` one on the USB drive:
512 If you have set `ENABLE_SPLITFS`, copy the `-frmw` image on the microSD card, then the `-root` one on the USB drive:
513 ```shell
513 ```shell
514 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster-frmw.img /dev/mmcblk0
514 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster-frmw.img /dev/mmcblk0
515 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster-root.img /dev/sdc
515 bmaptool copy ./images/buster/2017-01-23-rpi3-buster-root.img /dev/sdc
516 ```
516 ```
517
517
518 ## QEMU emulation
518 ## QEMU emulation
519 Start QEMU full system emulation:
519 Start QEMU full system emulation:
520 ```shell
520 ```shell
521 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=tty1"
521 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=tty1"
522 ```
522 ```
523
523
524 Start QEMU full system emulation and output to console:
524 Start QEMU full system emulation and output to console:
525 ```shell
525 ```shell
526 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
526 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
527 ```
527 ```
528
528
529 Start QEMU full system emulation with SMP and output to console:
529 Start QEMU full system emulation with SMP and output to console:
530 ```shell
530 ```shell
531 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -smp cpus=2,maxcpus=2 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
531 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -smp cpus=2,maxcpus=2 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
532 ```
532 ```
533
533
534 Start QEMU full system emulation with cryptfs, initramfs and output to console:
534 Start QEMU full system emulation with cryptfs, initramfs and output to console:
535 ```shell
535 ```shell
536 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -initrd "initramfs-${KERNEL_VERSION}" -append "root=/dev/mapper/secure cryptdevice=/dev/mmcblk0p2:secure rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
536 qemu-system-arm -m 2048M -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel7.img -no-reboot -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb -sd ${IMAGE_NAME}.qcow2 -initrd "initramfs-${KERNEL_VERSION}" -append "root=/dev/mapper/secure cryptdevice=/dev/mmcblk0p2:secure rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/systemd" -serial stdio
537 ```
537 ```
538
538
539 ## External links and references
539 ## External links and references
540 * [Debian worldwide mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list)
540 * [Debian worldwide mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list)
541 * [Debian Raspberry Pi 2 Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi2)
541 * [Debian Raspberry Pi 2 Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi2)
542 * [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains)
542 * [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains)
543 * [Official Raspberry Pi Firmware on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware)
543 * [Official Raspberry Pi Firmware on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware)
544 * [Official Raspberry Pi Kernel on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux)
544 * [Official Raspberry Pi Kernel on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux)
545 * [U-BOOT git repository](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary)
545 * [U-BOOT git repository](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary)
546 * [Xorg DDX driver fbturbo](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo)
546 * [Xorg DDX driver fbturbo](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo)
547 * [RPi3 Wireless interface firmware](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm)
547 * [RPi3 Wireless interface firmware](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm)
548 * [Collabora RPi2 Kernel precompiled](https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian/)
548 * [Collabora RPi2 Kernel precompiled](https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian/)
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