Raspi2-3_GenImage Commit - r248:9054cc788a22 · Collaboration Tremplin des Sciences

fix: kernel compilation, add ccache support

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             # rpi23-gen-image
             ## Introduction
             `rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for Raspberry Pi 2 (RPi2) and Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi3) computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian (armhf) releases `jessie`, `stretch` and `buster`. Raspberry Pi 3 images are generated for 32-bit mode only. Raspberry Pi 3 64-bit images can be generated using custom configuration parameters (```templates/rpi3-stretch-arm64-4.11.y```).
             ## Build dependencies
             The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user.
               ```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git bc psmisc dbus sudo```
             It is recommended to configure the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script to build and install the latest Raspberry Pi Linux kernel. For the RPi3 this is mandatory. Kernel compilation and linking will be performed on the build system using an ARM (armhf) cross-compiler toolchain.
             The script has been tested using the default `crossbuild-essential-armhf` toolchain meta package on Debian Linux `jessie` and `stretch` build systems. Please check the [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) for further information.
             If a Debian Linux `jessie` build system is used it will be required to add the [Debian Cross-toolchains repository](http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/) first:
             ```
             echo "deb http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/ jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/crosstools.list
             sudo -u nobody wget -O - http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/emdebian-toolchain-archive.key | apt-key add -
             dpkg --add-architecture armhf
             apt-get update
             ```
             ## Command-line parameters
             The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script.
             ##### Command-line examples:
             ```shell
             ENABLE_UBOOT=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             ENABLE_CONSOLE=false ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             ENABLE_WM=xfce4 ENABLE_FBTURBO=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             ENABLE_HARDNET=true ENABLE_IPTABLES=true /rpi23-gen-image.sh
             APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org APT_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3142/" ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             BUILD_KERNEL=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             BUILD_KERNEL=true KERNELSRC_DIR=/tmp/linux ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=changeme EXPANDROOT=false ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             RELEASE=stretch BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             RELEASE=stretch RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             ```
             ## Configuration template files
             To avoid long lists of command-line parameters and to help to store the favourite parameter configurations the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script supports so called configuration template files (`CONFIG_TEMPLATE`=template). These are simple text files located in the `./templates` directory that contain the list of configuration parameters that will be used. New configuration template files can be added to the `./templates` directory.
             ##### Command-line examples:
             ```shell
             CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi3stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi2stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
             ```
             ## Supported parameters and settings
             #### APT settings:
             ##### `APT_SERVER`="ftp.debian.org"
             Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process.
             ##### `APT_PROXY`=""
             Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once.
             ##### `APT_INCLUDES`=""
             A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping.
             ##### `APT_INCLUDES_LATE`=""
             A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up.  This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well.
             ---
             #### General system settings:
             ##### `RPI_MODEL`=2
             Specifiy the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the Raspberry Pi models `2` and `3`. `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` is used.
             ##### `RELEASE`="jessie"
             Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases "jessie", "stretch" and "buster". `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Debian releases `stretch` or `buster` are used.
             ##### `RELEASE_ARCH`="armhf"
             Set the desired Debian release architecture.
             ##### `HOSTNAME`="rpi$RPI_MODEL-$RELEASE"
             Set system host name. It's recommended that the host name is unique in the corresponding subnet.
             ##### `PASSWORD`="raspberry"
             Set system `root` password. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
             ##### `USER_PASSWORD`="raspberry"
             Set password for the created non-root user `USER_NAME`=pi. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
             ##### `DEFLOCAL`="en_US.UTF-8"
             Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`.
             ##### `TIMEZONE`="Europe/Berlin"
             Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command.
             ##### `EXPANDROOT`=true
             Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot.
             ---
             #### Keyboard settings:
             These options are used to configure keyboard layout in `/etc/default/keyboard` for console and Xorg. These settings can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration` command.
             ##### `XKB_MODEL`=""
             Set the name of the model of your keyboard type.
             ##### `XKB_LAYOUT`=""
             Set the supported keyboard layout(s).
             ##### `XKB_VARIANT`=""
             Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s).
             ##### `XKB_OPTIONS`=""
             Set extra xkb configuration options.
             ---
             #### Networking settings (DHCP):
             This parameter is used to set up networking auto configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
             ##### `ENABLE_DHCP`=true
             Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server.
             ---
             #### Networking settings (static):
             These parameters are used to set up a static networking configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_DHCP` was set to `false`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.
             ##### `NET_ADDRESS`=""
             Set a static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24".
             ##### `NET_GATEWAY`=""
             Set the IP address for the default gateway.
             ##### `NET_DNS_1`=""
             Set the IP address for the first DNS server.
             ##### `NET_DNS_2`=""
             Set the IP address for the second DNS server.
             ##### `NET_DNS_DOMAINS`=""
             Set the default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified host names.
             ##### `NET_NTP_1`=""
             Set the IP address for the first NTP server.
             ##### `NET_NTP_2`=""
             Set the IP address for the second NTP server.
             ---
             #### Basic system features:
             ##### `ENABLE_CONSOLE`=true
             Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system.
             ##### `ENABLE_I2C`=false
             Enable I2C interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
             ##### `ENABLE_SPI`=false
             Enable SPI interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
             ##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true
             Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd.
             ##### `ENABLE_SSHD`=true
             Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root.
             ##### `ENABLE_NONFREE`=false
             Allow the installation of non-free Debian packages that do not comply with the DFSG. This is required to install closed-source firmware binary blobs.
             ##### `ENABLE_WIRELESS`=false
             Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Raspberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `3`.
             ##### `ENABLE_RSYSLOG`=true
             If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only
             in journal files)
             ##### `ENABLE_SOUND`=true
             Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
             ##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true
             Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
             ##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false
             Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU.
             ##### `ENABLE_DBUS`=true
             Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled.
             ##### `ENABLE_XORG`=false
             Install Xorg open-source X Window System.
             ##### `ENABLE_WM`=""
             Install a user defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
             ---
             #### Advanced system features:
             ##### `ENABLE_MINBASE`=false
             Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB.
             ##### `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false
             Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information.
             ##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false
             Replace the default RPi2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
             ##### `UBOOTSRC_DIR`=""
             Path to a directory (`u-boot`) of [U-Boot bootloader sources](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
             ##### `ENABLE_FBTURBO`=false
             Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
             ##### `FBTURBOSRC_DIR`=""
             Path to a directory (`xf86-video-fbturbo`) of [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver sources](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
             ##### `ENABLE_IPTABLES`=false
             Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.
             ##### `ENABLE_USER`=true
             Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD`=raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, username will be `pi`.
             ##### `USER_NAME`=pi
             Non-root user to create.  Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false
             ##### `ENABLE_ROOT`=false
             Set root user password so root login will be enabled
             ##### `ENABLE_HARDNET`=false
             Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings.
             ##### `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false
             Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`.
             ##### `CHROOT_SCRIPTS`=""
             Path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order.
             ##### `ENABLE_INITRAMFS`=false
             Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false.
             ##### `ENABLE_IFNAMES`=true
             Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all local Ethernet, WLAN interfaces. This might create complex and long interface names. This parameter is only supported if the Debian releases `stretch` or `buster` are used.
             ##### `DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS`=
             Disable RPi2/3 under-voltage warnings and overlays. Setting the parameter to `1` will disable the warning overlay. Setting it to `2` will additionally allow RPi2/3 turbo mode when low-voltage is present.
             ---
             #### SSH settings:
             ##### `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=false
             Enable password root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with default password, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
             ##### `SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH`=false
             Disable password based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported.
             ##### `SSH_LIMIT_USERS`=false
             Limit the users that are allowed to login via SSH. Only allow user `USER_NAME`=pi and root if `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=true to login. This parameter will be ignored if `dropbear` SSH is used (`REDUCE_SSHD`=true).
             ##### `SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY`=""
             Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `root`. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported. `ENABLE_ROOT` **and** `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
             ##### `SSH_USER_PUB_KEY`=""
             Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `USER_NAME`=pi. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported.
             ---
             #### Kernel compilation:
             ##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=false
             Build and install the latest RPi2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi2/3 kernel configuration is used. `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` is used.
             ##### `CROSS_COMPILE`="arm-linux-gnueabihf-"
             This sets the cross compile enviornment for the compiler.
             ##### `KERNEL_ARCH`="arm"
             This sets the kernel architecture for the compiler.
             ##### `KERNEL_IMAGE`="kernel7.img"
             Name of the image file in the boot partition. If not set, `KERNEL_IMAGE` will be set to "kernel8.img" automatically if building for arm64.
             ##### `KERNEL_BRANCH`=""
             Name of the requested branch from the GIT location for the RPi Kernel. Default is using the current default branch from the GIT site.
             ##### `QEMU_BINARY`="/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static"
             Sets the QEMU enviornment for the Debian archive. If not set, `QEMU_BINARY` will be set to "/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static" automatically if building for arm64.
             ##### `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG`="bcm2709_defconfig"
             Sets the default config for kernel compiling. If not set, `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG` will be set to "bcmrpi3\_defconfig" automatically if building for arm64.
             ##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false
             Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted device, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
             ##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1
             Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation.
             ##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true
             Install kernel headers with built kernel.
             ##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false
             Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated.
+            ##### `KERNEL_OLDDEFCONFIG`=false
+            Run `make olddefconfig` to automatically set all new kernel configuration options to their recommended default values.
+            ##### `KERNEL_CCACHE`=false
+            Compile the kernel using ccache. This speeds up kernel recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again.
             ##### `KERNEL_REMOVESRC`=true
             Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed.
             ##### `KERNELSRC_DIR`=""
             Path to a directory (`linux`) of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
             ##### `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`=false
             Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
             ##### `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`=true
             Run `make bcm2709_defconfig` (and optional `make menuconfig`) to configure the kernel sources before building. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
             ##### `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG`=""
             Copy own config file to kernel `.config`. If `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=true then running after copy.
             ##### `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=false
             With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`, `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed.
             ##### `RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR`=""
             The directory (`firmware`) containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project.
             ---
             #### Reduce disk usage:
             The following list of parameters is ignored if `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false.
             ##### `REDUCE_APT`=true
             Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files.
             ##### `REDUCE_DOC`=true
             Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations.
             ##### `REDUCE_MAN`=true
             Remove all man pages and info files (harsh).  Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations.
             ##### `REDUCE_VIM`=false
             Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone.
             ##### `REDUCE_BASH`=false
             Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental).
             ##### `REDUCE_HWDB`=true
             Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental).
             ##### `REDUCE_SSHD`=true
             Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`.
             ##### `REDUCE_LOCALE`=true
             Remove all `locale` translation files.
             ---
             #### Encrypted root partition:
             ##### `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=false
             Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental. SSH-to-initramfs is currently not supported but will be soon - feel free to help.
             ##### `CRYPTFS_PASSWORD`=""
             Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true.
             ##### `CRYPTFS_MAPPING`="secure"
             Set name of dm-crypt managed device-mapper mapping.
             ##### `CRYPTFS_CIPHER`="aes-xts-plain64:sha512"
             Set cipher specification string. `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended.
             ##### `CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE`=512
             Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8.
             ---
             #### Build settings:
             ##### `BASEDIR`=$(pwd)/images/${RELEASE}
             Set a path to a working directory used by the script to generate an image.
             ##### `IMAGE_NAME`=${BASEDIR}/${DATE}-${KERNEL_ARCH}-${KERNEL_BRANCH}-rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}-${RELEASE_ARCH}
             Set a filename for the output file(s). Note: the script will create $IMAGE_NAME.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false or $IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img and $IMAGE_NAME-root.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=true. Note 2: If the KERNEL_BRANCH is not set, the word "CURRENT" is used.
             ## Understanding the script
             The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the bootstrapping are split up into single files located inside the `bootstrap.d` directory. During the bootstrapping every script in this directory gets executed in lexicographical order:
             | Script | Description |
             | --- | --- |
             | `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system |
             | `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories |
             | `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings |
             | `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi2/3 Kernel |
             | `14-fstab.sh` | Setup fstab and initramfs |
             | `15-rpi-config.sh` | Setup RPi2/3 config and cmdline |
             | `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking |
             | `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall |
             | `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings |
             | `31-logging.sh` | Setup Logging |
             | `32-sshd.sh` | Setup SSH and public keys |
             | `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot |
             | `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver |
             | `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions |
             | `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage |
             All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS image are located inside the `files` directory. It is not recommended to modify these configuration files manually.
             | Directory | Description |
             | --- | --- |
             | `apt` | APT management configuration files |
             | `boot` | Boot and RPi2/3 configuration files |
             | `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration |
             | `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts |
             | `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot  |
             | `initramfs` | Initramfs scripts |
             | `iptables` | Firewall configuration files |
             | `locales` | Locales configuration |
             | `modules` | Kernel Modules configuration |
             | `mount` | Fstab configuration |
             | `network` | Networking configuration files |
             | `sysctl.d` | Swapping and Network Hardening configuration |
             | `xorg` | fbturbo Xorg driver configuration |
             ## Custom packages and scripts
             Debian custom packages, i.e. those not in the debian repositories, can be installed by placing them in the `packages` directory. They are installed immediately after packages from the repositories are installed. Any dependencies listed in the custom packages will be downloaded automatically from the repositories. Do not list these custom packages in `APT_INCLUDES`.
             Scripts in the custom.d directory will be executed after all other installation is complete but before the image is created.
             ## Logging of the bootstrapping process
             All information related to the bootstrapping process and the commands executed by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script can easily be saved into a logfile. The common shell command `script` can be used for this purpose:
             ```shell
             script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log
             ```
             ## Flashing the image file
             After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
             ##### Flashing examples:
             ```shell
             bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie.img /dev/mmcblk0
             dd bs=4M if=./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie.img of=/dev/mmcblk0
             ```
             If you have set `ENABLE_SPLITFS`, copy the `-frmw` image on the microSD card, then the `-root` one on the USB drive:
             ```shell
             bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie-frmw.img /dev/mmcblk0
             bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie-root.img /dev/sdc
             ```
             ## Weekly image builds
             The image files are provided by JRWR'S I/O PORT and are built once a Sunday at midnight UTC!
             * [Debian Stretch Raspberry Pi2/3 Weekly Image Builds](https://jrwr.io/doku.php?id=projects:debianpi)
             ## External links and references
             * [Debian worldwide mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list)
             * [Debian Raspberry Pi 2 Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi2)
             * [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains)
             * [Official Raspberry Pi Firmware on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware)
             * [Official Raspberry Pi Kernel on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux)
             * [U-BOOT git repository](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary)
             * [Xorg DDX driver fbturbo](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo)
             * [RPi3 Wireless interface firmware](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm)
             * [Collabora RPi2 Kernel precompiled](https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian/)

bootstrap.d/13-kernel.sh +54 -9

             #
             # Build and Setup RPi2/3 Kernel
             #
             # Load utility functions
             . ./functions.sh
             # Fetch and build latest raspberry kernel
             if [ "$BUILD_KERNEL" = true ] ; then
               # Setup source directory
               mkdir -p "${R}/usr/src/linux"
               # Copy existing kernel sources into chroot directory
               if [ -n "$KERNELSRC_DIR" ] && [ -d "$KERNELSRC_DIR" ] ; then
                 # Copy kernel sources and include hidden files
                 cp -r "${KERNELSRC_DIR}/". "${R}/usr/src/linux"
                 # Clean the kernel sources
                 if [ "$KERNELSRC_CLEAN" = true ] && [ "$KERNELSRC_PREBUILT" = false ] ; then
                   make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" mrproper
                 fi
               else # KERNELSRC_DIR=""
                 # Create temporary directory for kernel sources
                 temp_dir=$(as_nobody mktemp -d)
                 # Fetch current RPi2/3 kernel sources
                 if [ -z "${KERNEL_BRANCH}" ] ; then
-                  as_nobody git -C "${temp_dir}" clone --depth=1 "${KERNEL_URL}" linux
+                  as_nobody -H git -C "${temp_dir}" clone --depth=1 "${KERNEL_URL}" linux
                 else
-                  as_nobody git -C "${temp_dir}" clone --depth=1 --branch "${KERNEL_BRANCH}" "${KERNEL_URL}" linux
+                  as_nobody -H git -C "${temp_dir}" clone --depth=1 --branch "${KERNEL_BRANCH}" "${KERNEL_URL}" linux
                fi
                 # Copy downloaded kernel sources
                 cp -r "${temp_dir}/linux/"* "${R}/usr/src/linux/"
                 # Remove temporary directory for kernel sources
                 rm -fr "${temp_dir}"
                 # Set permissions of the kernel sources
                 chown -R root:root "${R}/usr/src"
               fi
               # Calculate optimal number of kernel building threads
               if [ "$KERNEL_THREADS" = "1" ] && [ -r /proc/cpuinfo ] ; then
                 KERNEL_THREADS=$(grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo)
               fi
               # Configure and build kernel
               if [ "$KERNELSRC_PREBUILT" = false ] ; then
                 # Remove device, network and filesystem drivers from kernel configuration
                 if [ "$KERNEL_REDUCE" = true ] ; then
                   make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" "${KERNEL_DEFCONFIG}"
                   sed -i\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_SND.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_SOUND.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_AC97.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_VIDEO_.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_MEDIA_TUNER.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_DVB.*\=\)[ym]/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_REISERFS.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_JFS.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_XFS.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_GFS2.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_OCFS2.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_BTRFS.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_HFS.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_JFFS2.*\=\)[ym]/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_UBIFS.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_SQUASHFS.*\=\)[ym]/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_W1.*\=\)[ym]/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_HAMRADIO.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_CAN.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_IRDA.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_BT_.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_WIMAX.*\=\)[ym]/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_6LOWPAN.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_IEEE802154.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_NFC.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_FB_TFT=.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_USB_GSPCA_.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   -e "s/\(^CONFIG_DRM.*\=\).*/\1n/"\
                   "${KERNEL_DIR}/.config"
                 fi
                 if [ "$KERNELSRC_CONFIG" = true ] ; then
                   # Load default raspberry kernel configuration
                   make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" "${KERNEL_DEFCONFIG}"
+                  # Copy custom kernel configuration file
                   if [ ! -z "$KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG" ] ; then
                     cp $KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG ${KERNEL_DIR}/.config
                   fi
+                  # Set kernel configuration parameters to their default values
+                  if [ "$KERNEL_OLDDEFCONFIG" = true ] ; then
+                    make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" olddefconfig
+                  fi
                   # Start menu-driven kernel configuration (interactive)
                   if [ "$KERNEL_MENUCONFIG" = true ] ; then
                     make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" menuconfig
                   fi
                 fi
-                # Cross compile kernel and modules
+                # Use ccache to cross compile the kernel
-                make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" -j${KERNEL_THREADS} ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" "${KERNEL_BIN_IMAGE}" modules dtbs
+                if [ "$KERNEL_CCACHE" = true ] ; then
+                  cc="ccache ${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc"
+                else
+                  cc="${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc"
+                fi
+                # Cross compile kernel and dtbs
+                make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" -j${KERNEL_THREADS} ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" CC="${cc}" "${KERNEL_BIN_IMAGE}" dtbs
+                # Cross compile kernel modules
+                if [ $(grep "CONFIG_MODULES=y" "${KERNEL_DIR}/.config") ] ; then
+                  make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" -j${KERNEL_THREADS} ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" CC="${cc}" modules
+                fi
               fi
               # Check if kernel compilation was successful
               if [ ! -r "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/${KERNEL_BIN_IMAGE}" ] ; then
                 echo "error: kernel compilation failed! (kernel image not found)"
                 cleanup
                 exit 1
               fi
               # Install kernel modules
               if [ "$ENABLE_REDUCE" = true ] ; then
+                if [ $(grep "CONFIG_MODULES=y" "${KERNEL_DIR}/.config") ] ; then
                   make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../../.. modules_install
+                fi
               else
+                if [ $(grep "CONFIG_MODULES=y" "${KERNEL_DIR}/.config") ] ; then
                   make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../../.. modules_install
+                fi
                 # Install kernel firmware
-                if [ $(cat ./Makefile | grep "^firmware_install:") ] ; then
+                if [ $(grep "^firmware_install:" "${KERNEL_DIR}/Makefile") ] ; then
                   make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" INSTALL_FW_PATH=../../../lib firmware_install
                 fi
               fi
               # Install kernel headers
               if [ "$KERNEL_HEADERS" = true ] && [ "$KERNEL_REDUCE" = false ] ; then
                 make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" INSTALL_HDR_PATH=../.. headers_install
               fi
               # Prepare boot (firmware) directory
               mkdir "${BOOT_DIR}"
               # Get kernel release version
               KERNEL_VERSION=`cat "${KERNEL_DIR}/include/config/kernel.release"`
               # Copy kernel configuration file to the boot directory
               install_readonly "${KERNEL_DIR}/.config" "${R}/boot/config-${KERNEL_VERSION}"
-              # Copy dts and dtb device tree sources and binaries
+              # Prepare device tree directory
               mkdir "${BOOT_DIR}/overlays"
               # Ensure the proper .dtb is located
               if [ "$KERNEL_ARCH" = "arm" ] ; then
-                install_readonly "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/dts/"*.dtb "${BOOT_DIR}/"
+                for dtb in "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/dts/"*.dtb ; do
+                  if [ -f "${dtb}" ] ; then
+                    install_readonly "${dtb}" "${BOOT_DIR}/"
+                  fi
+                done
               else
-                install_readonly "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/dts/broadcom/"*.dtb "${BOOT_DIR}/"
+                for dtb in "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/dts/broadcom/"*.dtb ; do
+                  if [ -f "${dtb}" ] ; then
+                    install_readonly "${dtb}" "${BOOT_DIR}/"
+                  fi
+                done
+              fi
+              # Copy compiled dtb device tree files
+              if [ -d "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/dts/overlays" ] ; then
+                for dtb in "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/dts/overlays/"*.dtb ; do
+                  if [ -f "${dtb}" ] ; then
+                    install_readonly "${dtb}" "${BOOT_DIR}/overlays/"
                   fi
+                done
-              install_readonly "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/dts/overlays/"*.dtb* "${BOOT_DIR}/overlays/"
+                if [ -f "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/dts/overlays/README" ] ; then
                   install_readonly "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/dts/overlays/README" "${BOOT_DIR}/overlays/README"
+                fi
+              fi
               if [ "$ENABLE_UBOOT" = false ] ; then
                 # Convert and copy kernel image to the boot directory
                 "${KERNEL_DIR}/scripts/mkknlimg" "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/${KERNEL_BIN_IMAGE}" "${BOOT_DIR}/${KERNEL_IMAGE}"
               else
                 # Copy kernel image to the boot directory
                 install_readonly "${KERNEL_DIR}/arch/${KERNEL_ARCH}/boot/${KERNEL_BIN_IMAGE}" "${BOOT_DIR}/${KERNEL_IMAGE}"
               fi
               # Remove kernel sources
               if [ "$KERNEL_REMOVESRC" = true ] ; then
                 rm -fr "${KERNEL_DIR}"
               else
+                # Prepare compiled kernel modules
+                if [ $(grep "CONFIG_MODULES=y" "${KERNEL_DIR}/.config") ] ; then
+                  if [ $(grep "^modules_prepare:" "${KERNEL_DIR}/Makefile") ] ; then
                     make -C "${KERNEL_DIR}" ARCH="${KERNEL_ARCH}" CROSS_COMPILE="${CROSS_COMPILE}" modules_prepare
+                  fi
                   # Create symlinks for kernel modules
                   chroot_exec ln -sf /usr/src/linux "/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VERSION}/build"
                   chroot_exec ln -sf /usr/src/linux "/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VERSION}/source"
                 fi
+              fi
             else # BUILD_KERNEL=false
               # Kernel installation
               chroot_exec apt-get -qq -y --no-install-recommends install linux-image-"${COLLABORA_KERNEL}" raspberrypi-bootloader-nokernel
               # Install flash-kernel last so it doesn't try (and fail) to detect the platform in the chroot
               chroot_exec apt-get -qq -y install flash-kernel
               # Check if kernel installation was successful
               VMLINUZ="$(ls -1 ${R}/boot/vmlinuz-* | sort | tail -n 1)"
               if [ -z "$VMLINUZ" ] ; then
                 echo "error: kernel installation failed! (/boot/vmlinuz-* not found)"
                 cleanup
                 exit 1
               fi
               # Copy vmlinuz kernel to the boot directory
               install_readonly "${VMLINUZ}" "${BOOT_DIR}/${KERNEL_IMAGE}"
             fi

rpi23-gen-image.sh +8 0

             #!/bin/sh
             ########################################################################
             # rpi23-gen-image.sh					       2015-2017
             #
             # Advanced Debian "jessie", "stretch" and "buster" bootstrap script for RPi2/3
             #
             # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
             # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
             # as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
             # of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
             #
             # Copyright (C) 2015 Jan Wagner <mail@jwagner.eu>
             #
             # Big thanks for patches and enhancements by 20+ github contributors!
             ########################################################################
             # Are we running as root?
             if [ "$(id -u)" -ne "0" ] ; then
               echo "error: this script must be executed with root privileges!"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Check if ./functions.sh script exists
             if [ ! -r "./functions.sh" ] ; then
               echo "error: './functions.sh' required script not found!"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Load utility functions
             . ./functions.sh
             # Load parameters from configuration template file
             if [ ! -z "$CONFIG_TEMPLATE" ] ; then
               use_template
             fi
             # Introduce settings
             set -e
             echo -n -e "\n#\n# RPi2/3 Bootstrap Settings\n#\n"
             set -x
             # Raspberry Pi model configuration
             RPI_MODEL=${RPI_MODEL:=2}
             RPI2_DTB_FILE=${RPI2_DTB_FILE:=bcm2709-rpi-2-b.dtb}
             RPI2_UBOOT_CONFIG=${RPI2_UBOOT_CONFIG:=rpi_2_defconfig}
             RPI3_DTB_FILE=${RPI3_DTB_FILE:=bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb}
             RPI3_UBOOT_CONFIG=${RPI3_UBOOT_CONFIG:=rpi_3_32b_defconfig}
             # Debian release
             RELEASE=${RELEASE:=jessie}
             KERNEL_ARCH=${KERNEL_ARCH:=arm}
             RELEASE_ARCH=${RELEASE_ARCH:=armhf}
             CROSS_COMPILE=${CROSS_COMPILE:=arm-linux-gnueabihf-}
             COLLABORA_KERNEL=${COLLABORA_KERNEL:=3.18.0-trunk-rpi2}
             if [ "$KERNEL_ARCH" = "arm64" ] ; then
               KERNEL_DEFCONFIG=${KERNEL_DEFCONFIG:=bcmrpi3_defconfig}
               KERNEL_IMAGE=${KERNEL_IMAGE:=kernel8.img}
             else
               KERNEL_DEFCONFIG=${KERNEL_DEFCONFIG:=bcm2709_defconfig}
               KERNEL_IMAGE=${KERNEL_IMAGE:=kernel7.img}
             fi
             if [ "$RELEASE_ARCH" = "arm64" ] ; then
               QEMU_BINARY=${QEMU_BINARY:=/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static}
             else
               QEMU_BINARY=${QEMU_BINARY:=/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static}
             fi
             KERNEL_BRANCH=${KERNEL_BRANCH:=""}
             # URLs
             KERNEL_URL=${KERNEL_URL:=https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux}
             FIRMWARE_URL=${FIRMWARE_URL:=https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/raw/master/boot}
             WLAN_FIRMWARE_URL=${WLAN_FIRMWARE_URL:=https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/raw/master/brcm}
             COLLABORA_URL=${COLLABORA_URL:=https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian}
             FBTURBO_URL=${FBTURBO_URL:=https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo.git}
             UBOOT_URL=${UBOOT_URL:=git://git.denx.de/u-boot.git}
             # Build directories
             BASEDIR=${BASEDIR:=$(pwd)/images/${RELEASE}}
             BUILDDIR="${BASEDIR}/build"
             # Prepare date string for default image file name
             DATE="$(date +%Y-%m-%d)"
             if [ -z "$KERNEL_BRANCH" ] ; then
               IMAGE_NAME=${IMAGE_NAME:=${BASEDIR}/${DATE}-${KERNEL_ARCH}-CURRENT-rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}-${RELEASE_ARCH}}
             else
               IMAGE_NAME=${IMAGE_NAME:=${BASEDIR}/${DATE}-${KERNEL_ARCH}-${KERNEL_BRANCH}-rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}-${RELEASE_ARCH}}
             fi
             # Chroot directories
             R="${BUILDDIR}/chroot"
             ETC_DIR="${R}/etc"
             LIB_DIR="${R}/lib"
             BOOT_DIR="${R}/boot/firmware"
             KERNEL_DIR="${R}/usr/src/linux"
             WLAN_FIRMWARE_DIR="${R}/lib/firmware/brcm"
             # Firmware directory: Blank if download from github
             RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR=${RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR:=""}
             # General settings
             HOSTNAME=${HOSTNAME:=rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}}
             PASSWORD=${PASSWORD:=raspberry}
             USER_PASSWORD=${USER_PASSWORD:=raspberry}
             DEFLOCAL=${DEFLOCAL:="en_US.UTF-8"}
             TIMEZONE=${TIMEZONE:="Europe/Berlin"}
             EXPANDROOT=${EXPANDROOT:=true}
             # Keyboard settings
             XKB_MODEL=${XKB_MODEL:=""}
             XKB_LAYOUT=${XKB_LAYOUT:=""}
             XKB_VARIANT=${XKB_VARIANT:=""}
             XKB_OPTIONS=${XKB_OPTIONS:=""}
             # Network settings (DHCP)
             ENABLE_DHCP=${ENABLE_DHCP:=true}
             # Network settings (static)
             NET_ADDRESS=${NET_ADDRESS:=""}
             NET_GATEWAY=${NET_GATEWAY:=""}
             NET_DNS_1=${NET_DNS_1:=""}
             NET_DNS_2=${NET_DNS_2:=""}
             NET_DNS_DOMAINS=${NET_DNS_DOMAINS:=""}
             NET_NTP_1=${NET_NTP_1:=""}
             NET_NTP_2=${NET_NTP_2:=""}
             # APT settings
             APT_PROXY=${APT_PROXY:=""}
             APT_SERVER=${APT_SERVER:="ftp.debian.org"}
             # Feature settings
             ENABLE_CONSOLE=${ENABLE_CONSOLE:=true}
             ENABLE_I2C=${ENABLE_I2C:=false}
             ENABLE_SPI=${ENABLE_SPI:=false}
             ENABLE_IPV6=${ENABLE_IPV6:=true}
             ENABLE_SSHD=${ENABLE_SSHD:=true}
             ENABLE_NONFREE=${ENABLE_NONFREE:=false}
             ENABLE_WIRELESS=${ENABLE_WIRELESS:=false}
             ENABLE_SOUND=${ENABLE_SOUND:=true}
             ENABLE_DBUS=${ENABLE_DBUS:=true}
             ENABLE_HWRANDOM=${ENABLE_HWRANDOM:=true}
             ENABLE_MINGPU=${ENABLE_MINGPU:=false}
             ENABLE_XORG=${ENABLE_XORG:=false}
             ENABLE_WM=${ENABLE_WM:=""}
             ENABLE_RSYSLOG=${ENABLE_RSYSLOG:=true}
             ENABLE_USER=${ENABLE_USER:=true}
             USER_NAME=${USER_NAME:="pi"}
             ENABLE_ROOT=${ENABLE_ROOT:=false}
             # SSH settings
             SSH_ENABLE_ROOT=${SSH_ENABLE_ROOT:=false}
             SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH=${SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH:=false}
             SSH_LIMIT_USERS=${SSH_LIMIT_USERS:=false}
             SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY=${SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY:=""}
             SSH_USER_PUB_KEY=${SSH_USER_PUB_KEY:=""}
             # Advanced settings
             ENABLE_MINBASE=${ENABLE_MINBASE:=false}
             ENABLE_REDUCE=${ENABLE_REDUCE:=false}
             ENABLE_UBOOT=${ENABLE_UBOOT:=false}
             UBOOTSRC_DIR=${UBOOTSRC_DIR:=""}
             ENABLE_FBTURBO=${ENABLE_FBTURBO:=false}
             FBTURBOSRC_DIR=${FBTURBOSRC_DIR:=""}
             ENABLE_HARDNET=${ENABLE_HARDNET:=false}
             ENABLE_IPTABLES=${ENABLE_IPTABLES:=false}
             ENABLE_SPLITFS=${ENABLE_SPLITFS:=false}
             ENABLE_INITRAMFS=${ENABLE_INITRAMFS:=false}
             ENABLE_IFNAMES=${ENABLE_IFNAMES:=true}
             DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS=${DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS:=}
             # Kernel compilation settings
             BUILD_KERNEL=${BUILD_KERNEL:=false}
             KERNEL_REDUCE=${KERNEL_REDUCE:=false}
             KERNEL_THREADS=${KERNEL_THREADS:=1}
             KERNEL_HEADERS=${KERNEL_HEADERS:=true}
             KERNEL_MENUCONFIG=${KERNEL_MENUCONFIG:=false}
             KERNEL_REMOVESRC=${KERNEL_REMOVESRC:=true}
+            KERNEL_OLDDEFCONFIG=${KERNEL_OLDDEFCONFIG:=false}
+            KERNEL_CCACHE=${KERNEL_CCACHE:=false}
             if [ "$KERNEL_ARCH" = "arm64" ] ; then
               KERNEL_BIN_IMAGE=${KERNEL_BIN_IMAGE:="Image"}
             else
               KERNEL_BIN_IMAGE=${KERNEL_BIN_IMAGE:="zImage"}
             fi
             # Kernel compilation from source directory settings
             KERNELSRC_DIR=${KERNELSRC_DIR:=""}
             KERNELSRC_CLEAN=${KERNELSRC_CLEAN:=false}
             KERNELSRC_CONFIG=${KERNELSRC_CONFIG:=true}
             KERNELSRC_PREBUILT=${KERNELSRC_PREBUILT:=false}
             # Reduce disk usage settings
             REDUCE_APT=${REDUCE_APT:=true}
             REDUCE_DOC=${REDUCE_DOC:=true}
             REDUCE_MAN=${REDUCE_MAN:=true}
             REDUCE_VIM=${REDUCE_VIM:=false}
             REDUCE_BASH=${REDUCE_BASH:=false}
             REDUCE_HWDB=${REDUCE_HWDB:=true}
             REDUCE_SSHD=${REDUCE_SSHD:=true}
             REDUCE_LOCALE=${REDUCE_LOCALE:=true}
             # Encrypted filesystem settings
             ENABLE_CRYPTFS=${ENABLE_CRYPTFS:=false}
             CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=${CRYPTFS_PASSWORD:=""}
             CRYPTFS_MAPPING=${CRYPTFS_MAPPING:="secure"}
             CRYPTFS_CIPHER=${CRYPTFS_CIPHER:="aes-xts-plain64:sha512"}
             CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE=${CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE:=512}
             # Stop the Crypto Wars
             DISABLE_FBI=${DISABLE_FBI:=false}
             # Chroot scripts directory
             CHROOT_SCRIPTS=${CHROOT_SCRIPTS:=""}
             # Packages required in the chroot build environment
             APT_INCLUDES=${APT_INCLUDES:=""}
             APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},apt-transport-https,apt-utils,ca-certificates,debian-archive-keyring,dialog,sudo,systemd,sysvinit-utils"
             # Packages required for bootstrapping
             REQUIRED_PACKAGES="debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git bc psmisc dbus sudo"
             MISSING_PACKAGES=""
             # Packages installed for c/c++ build environment in chroot (keep empty)
             COMPILER_PACKAGES=""
             set +x
             # Set Raspberry Pi model specific configuration
             if [ "$RPI_MODEL" = 2 ] ; then
               DTB_FILE=${RPI2_DTB_FILE}
               UBOOT_CONFIG=${RPI2_UBOOT_CONFIG}
             elif [ "$RPI_MODEL" = 3 ] ; then
               DTB_FILE=${RPI3_DTB_FILE}
               UBOOT_CONFIG=${RPI3_UBOOT_CONFIG}
               BUILD_KERNEL=true
             else
               echo "error: Raspberry Pi model ${RPI_MODEL} is not supported!"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Check if the internal wireless interface is supported by the RPi model
             if [ "$ENABLE_WIRELESS" = true ] && [ "$RPI_MODEL" != 3 ] ; then
               echo "error: The selected Raspberry Pi model has no internal wireless interface"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Check if DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS parameter value is supported
             if [ ! -z "$DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS" ] ; then
               if [ "$DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS" != 1 ] && [ "$DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS" != 2 ] ; then
                 echo "error: DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS=${DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS} is not supported"
                 exit 1
               fi
             fi
             # Build RPi2/3 Linux kernel if required by Debian release
             if [ "$RELEASE" = "stretch" ]  || [ "$RELEASE" = "buster" ] ; then
               BUILD_KERNEL=true
             fi
             # Add packages required for kernel cross compilation
             if [ "$BUILD_KERNEL" = true ] ; then
               if [ "$KERNEL_ARCH" = "arm" ] ; then
                 REQUIRED_PACKAGES="${REQUIRED_PACKAGES} crossbuild-essential-armhf"
               else
                 REQUIRED_PACKAGES="${REQUIRED_PACKAGES} crossbuild-essential-arm64"
               fi
             fi
             # Add libncurses5 to enable kernel menuconfig
             if [ "$KERNEL_MENUCONFIG" = true ] ; then
               REQUIRED_PACKAGES="${REQUIRED_PACKAGES} libncurses5-dev"
             fi
+            # Add ccache compiler cache for (faster) kernel cross (re)compilation
+            if [ "$KERNEL_CCACHE" = true ] ; then
+              REQUIRED_PACKAGES="${REQUIRED_PACKAGES} ccache"
+            fi
             # Stop the Crypto Wars
             if [ "$DISABLE_FBI" = true ] ; then
               ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true
             fi
             # Add cryptsetup package to enable filesystem encryption
             if [ "$ENABLE_CRYPTFS" = true ]  && [ "$BUILD_KERNEL" = true ] ; then
               REQUIRED_PACKAGES="${REQUIRED_PACKAGES} cryptsetup"
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},cryptsetup"
               if [ -z "$CRYPTFS_PASSWORD" ] ; then
                 echo "error: no password defined (CRYPTFS_PASSWORD)!"
                 exit 1
               fi
               ENABLE_INITRAMFS=true
             fi
             # Add initramfs generation tools
             if [ "$ENABLE_INITRAMFS" = true ] && [ "$BUILD_KERNEL" = true ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},initramfs-tools"
             fi
             # Add device-tree-compiler required for building the U-Boot bootloader
             if [ "$ENABLE_UBOOT" = true ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},device-tree-compiler"
             fi
             # Check if root SSH (v2) public key file exists
             if [ ! -z "$SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY" ] ; then
               if [ ! -f "$SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY" ] ; then
                 echo "error: '$SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY' specified SSH public key file not found (SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY)!"
                 exit 1
               fi
             fi
             # Check if $USER_NAME SSH (v2) public key file exists
             if [ ! -z "$SSH_USER_PUB_KEY" ] ; then
               if [ ! -f "$SSH_USER_PUB_KEY" ] ; then
                 echo "error: '$SSH_USER_PUB_KEY' specified SSH public key file not found (SSH_USER_PUB_KEY)!"
                 exit 1
               fi
             fi
             # Check if all required packages are installed on the build system
             for package in $REQUIRED_PACKAGES ; do
               if [ "`dpkg-query -W -f='${Status}' $package`" != "install ok installed" ] ; then
                 MISSING_PACKAGES="${MISSING_PACKAGES} $package"
               fi
             done
             # If there are missing packages ask confirmation for install, or exit
             if [ -n "$MISSING_PACKAGES" ] ; then
               echo "the following packages needed by this script are not installed:"
               echo "$MISSING_PACKAGES"
               echo -n "\ndo you want to install the missing packages right now? [y/n] "
               read confirm
               [ "$confirm" != "y" ] && exit 1
               # Make sure all missing required packages are installed
               apt-get -qq -y install ${MISSING_PACKAGES}
             fi
             # Check if ./bootstrap.d directory exists
             if [ ! -d "./bootstrap.d/" ] ; then
               echo "error: './bootstrap.d' required directory not found!"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Check if ./files directory exists
             if [ ! -d "./files/" ] ; then
               echo "error: './files' required directory not found!"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Check if specified KERNELSRC_DIR directory exists
             if [ -n "$KERNELSRC_DIR" ] && [ ! -d "$KERNELSRC_DIR" ] ; then
               echo "error: '${KERNELSRC_DIR}' specified directory not found (KERNELSRC_DIR)!"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Check if specified UBOOTSRC_DIR directory exists
             if [ -n "$UBOOTSRC_DIR" ] && [ ! -d "$UBOOTSRC_DIR" ] ; then
               echo "error: '${UBOOTSRC_DIR}' specified directory not found (UBOOTSRC_DIR)!"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Check if specified FBTURBOSRC_DIR directory exists
             if [ -n "$FBTURBOSRC_DIR" ] && [ ! -d "$FBTURBOSRC_DIR" ] ; then
               echo "error: '${FBTURBOSRC_DIR}' specified directory not found (FBTURBOSRC_DIR)!"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Check if specified CHROOT_SCRIPTS directory exists
             if [ -n "$CHROOT_SCRIPTS" ] && [ ! -d "$CHROOT_SCRIPTS" ] ; then
                echo "error: ${CHROOT_SCRIPTS} specified directory not found (CHROOT_SCRIPTS)!"
                exit 1
             fi
             # Check if specified device mapping already exists (will be used by cryptsetup)
             if [ -r "/dev/mapping/${CRYPTFS_MAPPING}" ] ; then
               echo "error: mapping /dev/mapping/${CRYPTFS_MAPPING} already exists, not proceeding"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Don't clobber an old build
             if [ -e "$BUILDDIR" ] ; then
               echo "error: directory ${BUILDDIR} already exists, not proceeding"
               exit 1
             fi
             # Setup chroot directory
             mkdir -p "${R}"
             # Check if build directory has enough of free disk space >512MB
             if [ "$(df --output=avail ${BUILDDIR} | sed "1d")" -le "524288" ] ; then
               echo "error: ${BUILDDIR} not enough space left to generate the output image!"
               exit 1
             fi
             set -x
             # Call "cleanup" function on various signals and errors
             trap cleanup 0 1 2 3 6
             # Add required packages for the minbase installation
             if [ "$ENABLE_MINBASE" = true ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},vim-tiny,netbase,net-tools,ifupdown"
             fi
             # Add required locales packages
             if [ "$DEFLOCAL" != "en_US.UTF-8" ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},locales,keyboard-configuration,console-setup"
             fi
             # Add parted package, required to get partprobe utility
             if [ "$EXPANDROOT" = true ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},parted"
             fi
             # Add dbus package, recommended if using systemd
             if [ "$ENABLE_DBUS" = true ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},dbus"
             fi
             # Add iptables IPv4/IPv6 package
             if [ "$ENABLE_IPTABLES" = true ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},iptables"
             fi
             # Add openssh server package
             if [ "$ENABLE_SSHD" = true ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},openssh-server"
             fi
             # Add alsa-utils package
             if [ "$ENABLE_SOUND" = true ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},alsa-utils"
             fi
             # Add rng-tools package
             if [ "$ENABLE_HWRANDOM" = true ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},rng-tools"
             fi
             # Add fbturbo video driver
             if [ "$ENABLE_FBTURBO" = true ] ; then
               # Enable xorg package dependencies
               ENABLE_XORG=true
             fi
             # Add user defined window manager package
             if [ -n "$ENABLE_WM" ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},${ENABLE_WM}"
               # Enable xorg package dependencies
               ENABLE_XORG=true
             fi
             # Add xorg package
             if [ "$ENABLE_XORG" = true ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},xorg,dbus-x11"
             fi
             # Replace selected packages with smaller clones
             if [ "$ENABLE_REDUCE" = true ] ; then
               # Add levee package instead of vim-tiny
               if [ "$REDUCE_VIM" = true ] ; then
                 APT_INCLUDES="$(echo ${APT_INCLUDES} | sed "s/vim-tiny/levee/")"
               fi
               # Add dropbear package instead of openssh-server
               if [ "$REDUCE_SSHD" = true ] ; then
                 APT_INCLUDES="$(echo ${APT_INCLUDES} | sed "s/openssh-server/dropbear/")"
               fi
             fi
             if [ "$RELEASE" != "jessie" ] ; then
               APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},libnss-systemd"
             fi
             # Configure kernel sources if no KERNELSRC_DIR
             if [ "$BUILD_KERNEL" = true ] && [ -z "$KERNELSRC_DIR" ] ; then
               KERNELSRC_CONFIG=true
             fi
             # Configure reduced kernel
             if [ "$KERNEL_REDUCE" = true ] ; then
               KERNELSRC_CONFIG=false
             fi
             # Execute bootstrap scripts
             for SCRIPT in bootstrap.d/*.sh; do
               head -n 3 "$SCRIPT"
               . "$SCRIPT"
             done
             ## Execute custom bootstrap scripts
             if [ -d "custom.d" ] ; then
               for SCRIPT in custom.d/*.sh; do
                 . "$SCRIPT"
               done
             fi
             # Execute custom scripts inside the chroot
             if [ -n "$CHROOT_SCRIPTS" ] && [ -d "$CHROOT_SCRIPTS" ] ; then
               cp -r "${CHROOT_SCRIPTS}" "${R}/chroot_scripts"
               chroot_exec /bin/bash -x <<'EOF'
             for SCRIPT in /chroot_scripts/* ; do
               if [ -f $SCRIPT -a -x $SCRIPT ] ; then
                 $SCRIPT
               fi
             done
             EOF
               rm -rf "${R}/chroot_scripts"
             fi
             # Remove c/c++ build environment from the chroot
             chroot_remove_cc
             # Remove apt-utils
             if [ "$RELEASE" = "jessie" ] ; then
               chroot_exec apt-get purge -qq -y --force-yes apt-utils
             fi
             # Generate required machine-id
             MACHINE_ID=$(dbus-uuidgen)
             echo -n "${MACHINE_ID}" > "${R}/var/lib/dbus/machine-id"
             echo -n "${MACHINE_ID}" > "${ETC_DIR}/machine-id"
             # APT Cleanup
             chroot_exec apt-get -y clean
             chroot_exec apt-get -y autoclean
             chroot_exec apt-get -y autoremove
             # Unmount mounted filesystems
             umount -l "${R}/proc"
             umount -l "${R}/sys"
             # Clean up directories
             rm -rf "${R}/run/*"
             rm -rf "${R}/tmp/*"
             # Clean up files
             rm -f "${ETC_DIR}/ssh/ssh_host_*"
             rm -f "${ETC_DIR}/dropbear/dropbear_*"
             rm -f "${ETC_DIR}/apt/sources.list.save"
             rm -f "${ETC_DIR}/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/original"
             rm -f "${ETC_DIR}/*-"
             rm -f "${ETC_DIR}/apt/apt.conf.d/10proxy"
             rm -f "${ETC_DIR}/resolv.conf"
             rm -f "${R}/root/.bash_history"
             rm -f "${R}/var/lib/urandom/random-seed"
             rm -f "${R}/initrd.img"
             rm -f "${R}/vmlinuz"
             rm -f "${R}${QEMU_BINARY}"
             # Calculate size of the chroot directory in KB
             CHROOT_SIZE=$(expr `du -s "${R}" | awk '{ print $1 }'`)
             # Calculate the amount of needed 512 Byte sectors
             TABLE_SECTORS=$(expr 1 \* 1024 \* 1024 \/ 512)
             FRMW_SECTORS=$(expr 64 \* 1024 \* 1024 \/ 512)
             ROOT_OFFSET=$(expr ${TABLE_SECTORS} + ${FRMW_SECTORS})
             # The root partition is EXT4
             # This means more space than the actual used space of the chroot is used.
             # As overhead for journaling and reserved blocks 35% are added.
             ROOT_SECTORS=$(expr $(expr ${CHROOT_SIZE} + ${CHROOT_SIZE} \/ 100 \* 35) \* 1024 \/ 512)
             # Calculate required image size in 512 Byte sectors
             IMAGE_SECTORS=$(expr ${TABLE_SECTORS} + ${FRMW_SECTORS} + ${ROOT_SECTORS})
             # Prepare image file
             if [ "$ENABLE_SPLITFS" = true ] ; then
               dd if=/dev/zero of="$IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img" bs=512 count=${TABLE_SECTORS}
               dd if=/dev/zero of="$IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img" bs=512 count=0 seek=${FRMW_SECTORS}
               dd if=/dev/zero of="$IMAGE_NAME-root.img" bs=512 count=${TABLE_SECTORS}
               dd if=/dev/zero of="$IMAGE_NAME-root.img" bs=512 count=0 seek=${ROOT_SECTORS}
               # Write firmware/boot partition tables
               sfdisk -q -L -uS -f "$IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img" 2> /dev/null <<EOM
             ${TABLE_SECTORS},${FRMW_SECTORS},c,*
             EOM
               # Write root partition table
               sfdisk -q -L -uS -f "$IMAGE_NAME-root.img" 2> /dev/null <<EOM
             ${TABLE_SECTORS},${ROOT_SECTORS},83
             EOM
               # Setup temporary loop devices
               FRMW_LOOP="$(losetup -o 1M --sizelimit 64M -f --show $IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img)"
               ROOT_LOOP="$(losetup -o 1M -f --show $IMAGE_NAME-root.img)"
             else # ENABLE_SPLITFS=false
               dd if=/dev/zero of="$IMAGE_NAME.img" bs=512 count=${TABLE_SECTORS}
               dd if=/dev/zero of="$IMAGE_NAME.img" bs=512 count=0 seek=${IMAGE_SECTORS}
               # Write partition table
               sfdisk -q -L -uS -f "$IMAGE_NAME.img" 2> /dev/null <<EOM
             ${TABLE_SECTORS},${FRMW_SECTORS},c,*
             ${ROOT_OFFSET},${ROOT_SECTORS},83
             EOM
               # Setup temporary loop devices
               FRMW_LOOP="$(losetup -o 1M --sizelimit 64M -f --show $IMAGE_NAME.img)"
               ROOT_LOOP="$(losetup -o 65M -f --show $IMAGE_NAME.img)"
             fi
             if [ "$ENABLE_CRYPTFS" = true ] ; then
               # Create dummy ext4 fs
               mkfs.ext4 "$ROOT_LOOP"
               # Setup password keyfile
               touch .password
               chmod 600 .password
               echo -n ${CRYPTFS_PASSWORD} > .password
               # Initialize encrypted partition
               echo "YES" | cryptsetup luksFormat "${ROOT_LOOP}" -c "${CRYPTFS_CIPHER}" -s "${CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE}" .password
               # Open encrypted partition and setup mapping
               cryptsetup luksOpen "${ROOT_LOOP}" -d .password "${CRYPTFS_MAPPING}"
               # Secure delete password keyfile
               shred -zu .password
               # Update temporary loop device
               ROOT_LOOP="/dev/mapper/${CRYPTFS_MAPPING}"
               # Wipe encrypted partition (encryption cipher is used for randomness)
               dd if=/dev/zero of="${ROOT_LOOP}" bs=512 count=$(blockdev --getsz "${ROOT_LOOP}")
             fi
             # Build filesystems
             mkfs.vfat "$FRMW_LOOP"
             mkfs.ext4 "$ROOT_LOOP"
             # Mount the temporary loop devices
             mkdir -p "$BUILDDIR/mount"
             mount "$ROOT_LOOP" "$BUILDDIR/mount"
             mkdir -p "$BUILDDIR/mount/boot/firmware"
             mount "$FRMW_LOOP" "$BUILDDIR/mount/boot/firmware"
             # Copy all files from the chroot to the loop device mount point directory
             rsync -a "${R}/" "$BUILDDIR/mount/"
             # Unmount all temporary loop devices and mount points
             cleanup
             # Create block map file(s) of image(s)
             if [ "$ENABLE_SPLITFS" = true ] ; then
               # Create block map files for "bmaptool"
               bmaptool create -o "$IMAGE_NAME-frmw.bmap" "$IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img"
               bmaptool create -o "$IMAGE_NAME-root.bmap" "$IMAGE_NAME-root.img"
               # Image was successfully created
               echo "$IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img ($(expr \( ${TABLE_SECTORS} + ${FRMW_SECTORS} \) \* 512 \/ 1024 \/ 1024)M)" ": successfully created"
               echo "$IMAGE_NAME-root.img ($(expr \( ${TABLE_SECTORS} + ${ROOT_SECTORS} \) \* 512 \/ 1024 \/ 1024)M)" ": successfully created"
             else
               # Create block map file for "bmaptool"
               bmaptool create -o "$IMAGE_NAME.bmap" "$IMAGE_NAME.img"
               # Image was successfully created
               echo "$IMAGE_NAME.img ($(expr \( ${TABLE_SECTORS} + ${FRMW_SECTORS} + ${ROOT_SECTORS} \) \* 512 \/ 1024 \/ 1024)M)" ": successfully created"
             fi

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