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1 # rpi23-gen-image
1 # rpi23-gen-image
2 ## Introduction
2 ## Introduction
3 `rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for Raspberry Pi 2 (RPi2) and Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi3) computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian (armhf) releases `jessie` and `stretch`. This fork enables also `buster` release. Raspberry Pi 3 images are generated for 32-bit mode only. Raspberry Pi 3 64-bit images can be generated using custom configuration parameters (```templates/rpi3-stretch-arm64-4.11.y```).
3 `rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for Raspberry Pi 2 (RPi2) and Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi3) computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian (armhf) releases `jessie` and `stretch`. This fork enables also `buster` release. Raspberry Pi 3 images are generated for 32-bit mode only. Raspberry Pi 3 64-bit images can be generated using custom configuration parameters (```templates/rpi3-stretch-arm64-4.11.y raspife3-buster-arm64```).
4
4
5 ## Build dependencies
5 ## Build dependencies
6 The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user.
6 The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user.
7
7
8 ```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git bc psmisc dbus sudo```
8 ```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git bc psmisc dbus sudo```
9
9
10 It is recommended to configure the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script to build and install the latest Raspberry Pi Linux kernel. For the RPi3 this is mandatory. Kernel compilation and linking will be performed on the build system using an ARM (armhf) cross-compiler toolchain.
10 It is recommended to configure the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script to build and install the latest Raspberry Pi Linux kernel. For the RPi3 this is mandatory. Kernel compilation and linking will be performed on the build system using an ARM (armhf) cross-compiler toolchain.
11
11
12 The script has been tested using the default `crossbuild-essential-armhf` toolchain meta package on Debian Linux `jessie` and `stretch` build systems. Please check the [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) for further information.
12 The script has been tested using the default `crossbuild-essential-armhf` toolchain meta package on Debian Linux `jessie` and `stretch` build systems. Please check the [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) for further information.
13
13
14 If a Debian Linux `jessie` build system is used it will be required to add the [Debian Cross-toolchains repository](http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/) first:
14 If a Debian Linux `jessie` build system is used it will be required to add the [Debian Cross-toolchains repository](http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/) first:
15
15
16 ```
16 ```
17 echo "deb http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/ jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/crosstools.list
17 echo "deb http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/ jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/crosstools.list
18 sudo -u nobody wget -O - http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/emdebian-toolchain-archive.key | apt-key add -
18 sudo -u nobody wget -O - http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/emdebian-toolchain-archive.key | apt-key add -
19 dpkg --add-architecture armhf
19 dpkg --add-architecture armhf
20 apt-get update
20 apt-get update
21 ```
21 ```
22
22
23 ## Command-line parameters
23 ## Command-line parameters
24 The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script.
24 The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script.
25
25
26 ##### Command-line examples:
26 ##### Command-line examples:
27 ```shell
27 ```shell
28 ENABLE_UBOOT=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
28 ENABLE_UBOOT=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
29 ENABLE_CONSOLE=false ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
29 ENABLE_CONSOLE=false ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
30 ENABLE_WM=xfce4 ENABLE_FBTURBO=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
30 ENABLE_WM=xfce4 ENABLE_FBTURBO=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
31 ENABLE_HARDNET=true ENABLE_IPTABLES=true /rpi23-gen-image.sh
31 ENABLE_HARDNET=true ENABLE_IPTABLES=true /rpi23-gen-image.sh
32 APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org APT_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3142/" ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
32 APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org APT_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3142/" ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
33 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
33 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
34 BUILD_KERNEL=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
34 BUILD_KERNEL=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_IPV6=false ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
35 BUILD_KERNEL=true KERNELSRC_DIR=/tmp/linux ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
35 BUILD_KERNEL=true KERNELSRC_DIR=/tmp/linux ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
36 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
36 ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
37 ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=changeme EXPANDROOT=false ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
37 ENABLE_CRYPTFS=true CRYPTFS_PASSWORD=changeme EXPANDROOT=false ENABLE_MINBASE=true ENABLE_REDUCE=true ENABLE_MINGPU=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
38 RELEASE=stretch BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
38 RELEASE=stretch BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
39 RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
39 RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
40 RELEASE=stretch RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
40 RELEASE=stretch RPI_MODEL=3 ENABLE_WIRELESS=true ENABLE_MINBASE=true BUILD_KERNEL=true ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
41 ```
41 ```
42
42
43 ## Configuration template files
43 ## Configuration template files
44 To avoid long lists of command-line parameters and to help to store the favourite parameter configurations the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script supports so called configuration template files (`CONFIG_TEMPLATE`=template). These are simple text files located in the `./templates` directory that contain the list of configuration parameters that will be used. New configuration template files can be added to the `./templates` directory.
44 To avoid long lists of command-line parameters and to help to store the favourite parameter configurations the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script supports so called configuration template files (`CONFIG_TEMPLATE`=template). These are simple text files located in the `./templates` directory that contain the list of configuration parameters that will be used. New configuration template files can be added to the `./templates` directory.
45
45
46 ##### Command-line examples:
46 ##### Command-line examples:
47 ```shell
47 ```shell
48 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi3stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
48 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi3stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
49 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi2stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
49 CONFIG_TEMPLATE=rpi2stretch ./rpi23-gen-image.sh
50 ```
50 ```
51
51
52 ## Supported parameters and settings
52 ## Supported parameters and settings
53 #### APT settings:
53 #### APT settings:
54 ##### `APT_SERVER`="ftp.debian.org"
54 ##### `APT_SERVER`="ftp.debian.org"
55 Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process.
55 Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worldwide [mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list). Using a nearby server will probably speed-up all required downloads within the bootstrapping process.
56
56
57 ##### `APT_PROXY`=""
57 ##### `APT_PROXY`=""
58 Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once.
58 Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once.
59
59
60 ##### `APT_INCLUDES`=""
60 ##### `APT_INCLUDES`=""
61 A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping.
61 A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping.
62
62
63 ##### `APT_INCLUDES_LATE`=""
63 ##### `APT_INCLUDES_LATE`=""
64 A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up. This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well.
64 A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up. This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well.
65
65
66 ---
66 ---
67
67
68 #### General system settings:
68 #### General system settings:
69 ##### `RPI_MODEL`=2
69 ##### `RPI_MODEL`=2
70 Specifiy the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the Raspberry Pi models `2` and `3`. `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` is used.
70 Specifiy the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the Raspberry Pi models `2` and `3`. `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` is used.
71
71
72 ##### `RELEASE`="jessie"
72 ##### `RELEASE`="jessie"
73 Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases "jessie" and "stretch". `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Debian release `stretch` is used.
73 Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases "jessie" and "stretch". `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Debian release `stretch` is used.
74
74
75 ##### `RELEASE_ARCH`="armhf"
75 ##### `RELEASE_ARCH`="armhf"
76 Set the desired Debian release architecture.
76 Set the desired Debian release architecture.
77
77
78 ##### `HOSTNAME`="rpi$RPI_MODEL-$RELEASE"
78 ##### `HOSTNAME`="rpi$RPI_MODEL-$RELEASE"
79 Set system host name. It's recommended that the host name is unique in the corresponding subnet.
79 Set system host name. It's recommended that the host name is unique in the corresponding subnet.
80
80
81 ##### `PASSWORD`="raspberry"
81 ##### `PASSWORD`="raspberry"
82 Set system `root` password. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
82 Set system `root` password. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
83
83
84 ##### `USER_PASSWORD`="raspberry"
84 ##### `USER_PASSWORD`="raspberry"
85 Set password for the created non-root user `USER_NAME`=pi. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
85 Set password for the created non-root user `USER_NAME`=pi. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false. It's **STRONGLY** recommended that you choose a custom password.
86
86
87 ##### `DEFLOCAL`="en_US.UTF-8"
87 ##### `DEFLOCAL`="en_US.UTF-8"
88 Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`.
88 Set default system locale. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure locales` command. Please note that on using this parameter the script will automatically install the required packages `locales`, `keyboard-configuration` and `console-setup`.
89
89
90 ##### `TIMEZONE`="Europe/Berlin"
90 ##### `TIMEZONE`="Europe/Berlin"
91 Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command.
91 Set default system timezone. All available timezones can be found in the `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` directory. This setting can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` command.
92
92
93 ##### `EXPANDROOT`=true
93 ##### `EXPANDROOT`=true
94 Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot.
94 Expand the root partition and filesystem automatically on first boot.
95
95
96 ---
96 ---
97
97
98 #### Keyboard settings:
98 #### Keyboard settings:
99 These options are used to configure keyboard layout in `/etc/default/keyboard` for console and Xorg. These settings can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration` command.
99 These options are used to configure keyboard layout in `/etc/default/keyboard` for console and Xorg. These settings can also be changed inside the running OS using the `dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration` command.
100
100
101 ##### `XKB_MODEL`=""
101 ##### `XKB_MODEL`=""
102 Set the name of the model of your keyboard type.
102 Set the name of the model of your keyboard type.
103
103
104 ##### `XKB_LAYOUT`=""
104 ##### `XKB_LAYOUT`=""
105 Set the supported keyboard layout(s).
105 Set the supported keyboard layout(s).
106
106
107 ##### `XKB_VARIANT`=""
107 ##### `XKB_VARIANT`=""
108 Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s).
108 Set the supported variant(s) of the keyboard layout(s).
109
109
110 ##### `XKB_OPTIONS`=""
110 ##### `XKB_OPTIONS`=""
111 Set extra xkb configuration options.
111 Set extra xkb configuration options.
112
112
113 ---
113 ---
114
114
115 #### Networking settings (DHCP):
115 #### Networking settings (DHCP):
116 This parameter is used to set up networking auto configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
116 This parameter is used to set up networking auto configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
117
117
118 ##### `ENABLE_DHCP`=true
118 ##### `ENABLE_DHCP`=true
119 Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server.
119 Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server.
120
120
121 ---
121 ---
122
122
123 #### Networking settings (static):
123 #### Networking settings (static):
124 These parameters are used to set up a static networking configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_DHCP` was set to `false`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.
124 These parameters are used to set up a static networking configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The following static networking parameters are only supported if `ENABLE_DHCP` was set to `false`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.
125
125
126 ##### `NET_ADDRESS`=""
126 ##### `NET_ADDRESS`=""
127 Set a static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24".
127 Set a static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix, separated by "/", eg. "192.169.0.3/24".
128
128
129 ##### `NET_GATEWAY`=""
129 ##### `NET_GATEWAY`=""
130 Set the IP address for the default gateway.
130 Set the IP address for the default gateway.
131
131
132 ##### `NET_DNS_1`=""
132 ##### `NET_DNS_1`=""
133 Set the IP address for the first DNS server.
133 Set the IP address for the first DNS server.
134
134
135 ##### `NET_DNS_2`=""
135 ##### `NET_DNS_2`=""
136 Set the IP address for the second DNS server.
136 Set the IP address for the second DNS server.
137
137
138 ##### `NET_DNS_DOMAINS`=""
138 ##### `NET_DNS_DOMAINS`=""
139 Set the default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified host names.
139 Set the default DNS search domains to use for non fully qualified host names.
140
140
141 ##### `NET_NTP_1`=""
141 ##### `NET_NTP_1`=""
142 Set the IP address for the first NTP server.
142 Set the IP address for the first NTP server.
143
143
144 ##### `NET_NTP_2`=""
144 ##### `NET_NTP_2`=""
145 Set the IP address for the second NTP server.
145 Set the IP address for the second NTP server.
146
146
147 ---
147 ---
148
148
149 #### Basic system features:
149 #### Basic system features:
150 ##### `ENABLE_CONSOLE`=true
150 ##### `ENABLE_CONSOLE`=true
151 Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system.
151 Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connected to the RPi2/3. In case of problems fe. if the network (auto) configuration failed - the serial console can be used to access the system.
152
152
153 ##### `ENABLE_I2C`=false
153 ##### `ENABLE_I2C`=false
154 Enable I2C interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
154 Enable I2C interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
155
155
156 ##### `ENABLE_SPI`=false
156 ##### `ENABLE_SPI`=false
157 Enable SPI interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
157 Enable SPI interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
158
158
159 ##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true
159 ##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true
160 Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd.
160 Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd.
161
161
162 ##### `ENABLE_SSHD`=true
162 ##### `ENABLE_SSHD`=true
163 Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root.
163 Install and enable OpenSSH service. The default configuration of the service doesn't allow `root` to login. Please use the user `pi` instead and `su -` or `sudo` to execute commands as root.
164
164
165 ##### `ENABLE_NONFREE`=false
165 ##### `ENABLE_NONFREE`=false
166 Allow the installation of non-free Debian packages that do not comply with the DFSG. This is required to install closed-source firmware binary blobs.
166 Allow the installation of non-free Debian packages that do not comply with the DFSG. This is required to install closed-source firmware binary blobs.
167
167
168 ##### `ENABLE_WIRELESS`=false
168 ##### `ENABLE_WIRELESS`=false
169 Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Raspberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `3`.
169 Download and install the [closed-source firmware binary blob](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm) that is required to run the internal wireless interface of the Raspberry Pi model `3`. This parameter is ignored if the specified `RPI_MODEL` is not `3`.
170
170
171 ##### `ENABLE_RSYSLOG`=true
171 ##### `ENABLE_RSYSLOG`=true
172 If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only
172 If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only
173 in journal files)
173 in journal files)
174
174
175 ##### `ENABLE_SOUND`=true
175 ##### `ENABLE_SOUND`=true
176 Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
176 Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
177
177
178 ##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true
178 ##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true
179 Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
179 Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
180
180
181 ##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false
181 ##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false
182 Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU.
182 Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU.
183
183
184 ##### `ENABLE_DBUS`=true
184 ##### `ENABLE_DBUS`=true
185 Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled.
185 Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work without D-bus but it's recommended to be enabled.
186
186
187 ##### `ENABLE_XORG`=false
187 ##### `ENABLE_XORG`=false
188 Install Xorg open-source X Window System.
188 Install Xorg open-source X Window System.
189
189
190 ##### `ENABLE_WM`=""
190 ##### `ENABLE_WM`=""
191 Install a user defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
191 Install a user defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
192
192
193 ---
193 ---
194
194
195 #### Advanced system features:
195 #### Advanced system features:
196 ##### `ENABLE_MINBASE`=false
196 ##### `ENABLE_MINBASE`=false
197 Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB.
197 Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages and apt. This will reduce the disk usage by about 65 MB.
198
198
199 ##### `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false
199 ##### `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false
200 Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information.
200 Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information.
201
201
202 ##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false
202 ##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false
203 Replace the default RPi2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
203 Replace the default RPi2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
204
204
205 ##### `UBOOTSRC_DIR`=""
205 ##### `UBOOTSRC_DIR`=""
206 Path to a directory (`u-boot`) of [U-Boot bootloader sources](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
206 Path to a directory (`u-boot`) of [U-Boot bootloader sources](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
207
207
208 ##### `ENABLE_FBTURBO`=false
208 ##### `ENABLE_FBTURBO`=false
209 Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
209 Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) `fbturbo`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
210
210
211 ##### `FBTURBOSRC_DIR`=""
211 ##### `FBTURBOSRC_DIR`=""
212 Path to a directory (`xf86-video-fbturbo`) of [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver sources](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
212 Path to a directory (`xf86-video-fbturbo`) of [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver sources](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
213
213
214 ##### `ENABLE_IPTABLES`=false
214 ##### `ENABLE_IPTABLES`=false
215 Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.
215 Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.
216
216
217 ##### `ENABLE_USER`=true
217 ##### `ENABLE_USER`=true
218 Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD`=raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, username will be `pi`.
218 Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD`=raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, username will be `pi`.
219
219
220 ##### `USER_NAME`=pi
220 ##### `USER_NAME`=pi
221 Non-root user to create. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false
221 Non-root user to create. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false
222
222
223 ##### `ENABLE_ROOT`=false
223 ##### `ENABLE_ROOT`=false
224 Set root user password so root login will be enabled
224 Set root user password so root login will be enabled
225
225
226 ##### `ENABLE_HARDNET`=false
226 ##### `ENABLE_HARDNET`=false
227 Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings.
227 Enable IPv4/IPv6 network stack hardening settings.
228
228
229 ##### `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false
229 ##### `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false
230 Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`.
230 Enable having root partition on an USB drive by creating two image files: one for the `/boot/firmware` mount point, and another for `/`.
231
231
232 ##### `CHROOT_SCRIPTS`=""
232 ##### `CHROOT_SCRIPTS`=""
233 Path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order.
233 Path to a directory with scripts that should be run in the chroot before the image is finally built. Every executable file in this directory is run in lexicographical order.
234
234
235 ##### `ENABLE_INITRAMFS`=false
235 ##### `ENABLE_INITRAMFS`=false
236 Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false.
236 Create an initramfs that that will be loaded during the Linux startup process. `ENABLE_INITRAMFS` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false.
237
237
238 ##### `ENABLE_IFNAMES`=true
238 ##### `ENABLE_IFNAMES`=true
239 Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all local Ethernet, WLAN interfaces. This might create complex and long interface names. This parameter is only supported if the Debian release `stretch` is used.
239 Enable automatic assignment of predictable, stable network interface names for all local Ethernet, WLAN interfaces. This might create complex and long interface names. This parameter is only supported if the Debian release `stretch` is used.
240
240
241 ##### `DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS`=
241 ##### `DISABLE_UNDERVOLT_WARNINGS`=
242 Disable RPi2/3 under-voltage warnings and overlays. Setting the parameter to `1` will disable the warning overlay. Setting it to `2` will additionally allow RPi2/3 turbo mode when low-voltage is present.
242 Disable RPi2/3 under-voltage warnings and overlays. Setting the parameter to `1` will disable the warning overlay. Setting it to `2` will additionally allow RPi2/3 turbo mode when low-voltage is present.
243
243
244 ---
244 ---
245
245
246 #### SSH settings:
246 #### SSH settings:
247 ##### `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=false
247 ##### `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=false
248 Enable password root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with default password, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
248 Enable password root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with default password, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
249
249
250 ##### `SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH`=false
250 ##### `SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH`=false
251 Disable password based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported.
251 Disable password based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported.
252
252
253 ##### `SSH_LIMIT_USERS`=false
253 ##### `SSH_LIMIT_USERS`=false
254 Limit the users that are allowed to login via SSH. Only allow user `USER_NAME`=pi and root if `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=true to login. This parameter will be ignored if `dropbear` SSH is used (`REDUCE_SSHD`=true).
254 Limit the users that are allowed to login via SSH. Only allow user `USER_NAME`=pi and root if `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=true to login. This parameter will be ignored if `dropbear` SSH is used (`REDUCE_SSHD`=true).
255
255
256 ##### `SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY`=""
256 ##### `SSH_ROOT_PUB_KEY`=""
257 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `root`. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported. `ENABLE_ROOT` **and** `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
257 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `root`. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported. `ENABLE_ROOT` **and** `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
258
258
259 ##### `SSH_USER_PUB_KEY`=""
259 ##### `SSH_USER_PUB_KEY`=""
260 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `USER_NAME`=pi. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported.
260 Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enable public key based SSH (v2) authentication of user `USER_NAME`=pi. The specified file can also contain multiple SSH (v2) public keys. SSH protocol version 1 is not supported.
261
261
262 ---
262 ---
263
263
264 #### Kernel compilation:
264 #### Kernel compilation:
265 ##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=false
265 ##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=false
266 Build and install the latest RPi2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi2/3 kernel configuration is used. `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` is used.
266 Build and install the latest RPi2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi2/3 kernel configuration is used. `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` is used.
267
267
268 ##### `CROSS_COMPILE`="arm-linux-gnueabihf-"
268 ##### `CROSS_COMPILE`="arm-linux-gnueabihf-"
269 This sets the cross compile enviornment for the compiler.
269 This sets the cross compile enviornment for the compiler.
270
270
271 ##### `KERNEL_ARCH`="arm"
271 ##### `KERNEL_ARCH`="arm"
272 This sets the kernel architecture for the compiler.
272 This sets the kernel architecture for the compiler.
273
273
274 ##### `KERNEL_IMAGE`="kernel7.img"
274 ##### `KERNEL_IMAGE`="kernel7.img"
275 Name of the image file in the boot partition. If not set, `KERNEL_IMAGE` will be set to "kernel8.img" automatically if building for arm64.
275 Name of the image file in the boot partition. If not set, `KERNEL_IMAGE` will be set to "kernel8.img" automatically if building for arm64.
276
276
277 ##### `KERNEL_BRANCH`=""
277 ##### `KERNEL_BRANCH`=""
278 Name of the requested branch from the GIT location for the RPi Kernel. Default is using the current default branch from the GIT site.
278 Name of the requested branch from the GIT location for the RPi Kernel. Default is using the current default branch from the GIT site.
279
279
280 ##### `QEMU_BINARY`="/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static"
280 ##### `QEMU_BINARY`="/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static"
281 Sets the QEMU enviornment for the Debian archive. If not set, `QEMU_BINARY` will be set to "/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static" automatically if building for arm64.
281 Sets the QEMU enviornment for the Debian archive. If not set, `QEMU_BINARY` will be set to "/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static" automatically if building for arm64.
282
282
283 ##### `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG`="bcm2709_defconfig"
283 ##### `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG`="bcm2709_defconfig"
284 Sets the default config for kernel compiling. If not set, `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG` will be set to "bcmrpi3\_defconfig" automatically if building for arm64.
284 Sets the default config for kernel compiling. If not set, `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG` will be set to "bcmrpi3\_defconfig" automatically if building for arm64.
285
285
286 ##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false
286 ##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false
287 Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted device, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
287 Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted device, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
288
288
289 ##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1
289 ##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1
290 Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation.
290 Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation.
291
291
292 ##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true
292 ##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true
293 Install kernel headers with built kernel.
293 Install kernel headers with built kernel.
294
294
295 ##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false
295 ##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false
296 Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated.
296 Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated.
297
297
298 ##### `KERNEL_REMOVESRC`=true
298 ##### `KERNEL_REMOVESRC`=true
299 Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed.
299 Remove all kernel sources from the generated OS image after it was built and installed.
300
300
301 ##### `KERNELSRC_DIR`=""
301 ##### `KERNELSRC_DIR`=""
302 Path to a directory (`linux`) of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
302 Path to a directory (`linux`) of [RaspberryPi Linux kernel sources](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
303
303
304 ##### `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`=false
304 ##### `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`=false
305 Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
305 Clean the existing kernel sources directory `KERNELSRC_DIR` (using `make mrproper`) after it was copied to the chroot and before the compilation of the kernel has started. This parameter will be ignored if no `KERNELSRC_DIR` was specified or if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
306
306
307 ##### `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`=true
307 ##### `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`=true
308 Run `make bcm2709_defconfig` (and optional `make menuconfig`) to configure the kernel sources before building. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
308 Run `make bcm2709_defconfig` (and optional `make menuconfig`) to configure the kernel sources before building. This parameter is automatically set to `true` if no existing kernel sources directory was specified using `KERNELSRC_DIR`. This parameter is ignored if `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=true.
309
309
310 ##### `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG`=""
310 ##### `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG`=""
311 Copy own config file to kernel `.config`. If `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=true then running after copy.
311 Copy own config file to kernel `.config`. If `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=true then running after copy.
312
312
313 ##### `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=false
313 ##### `KERNELSRC_PREBUILT`=false
314 With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`, `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed.
314 With this parameter set to true the script expects the existing kernel sources directory to be already successfully cross-compiled. The parameters `KERNELSRC_CLEAN`, `KERNELSRC_CONFIG`, `KERNELSRC_USRCONFIG` and `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG` are ignored and no kernel compilation tasks are performed.
315
315
316 ##### `RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR`=""
316 ##### `RPI_FIRMWARE_DIR`=""
317 The directory (`firmware`) containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project.
317 The directory (`firmware`) containing a local copy of the firmware from the [RaspberryPi firmware project](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware). Default is to download the latest firmware directly from the project.
318
318
319 ---
319 ---
320
320
321 #### Reduce disk usage:
321 #### Reduce disk usage:
322 The following list of parameters is ignored if `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false.
322 The following list of parameters is ignored if `ENABLE_REDUCE`=false.
323
323
324 ##### `REDUCE_APT`=true
324 ##### `REDUCE_APT`=true
325 Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files.
325 Configure APT to use compressed package repository lists and no package caching files.
326
326
327 ##### `REDUCE_DOC`=true
327 ##### `REDUCE_DOC`=true
328 Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations.
328 Remove all doc files (harsh). Configure APT to not include doc files on future `apt-get` package installations.
329
329
330 ##### `REDUCE_MAN`=true
330 ##### `REDUCE_MAN`=true
331 Remove all man pages and info files (harsh). Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations.
331 Remove all man pages and info files (harsh). Configure APT to not include man pages on future `apt-get` package installations.
332
332
333 ##### `REDUCE_VIM`=false
333 ##### `REDUCE_VIM`=false
334 Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone.
334 Replace `vim-tiny` package by `levee` a tiny vim clone.
335
335
336 ##### `REDUCE_BASH`=false
336 ##### `REDUCE_BASH`=false
337 Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental).
337 Remove `bash` package and switch to `dash` shell (experimental).
338
338
339 ##### `REDUCE_HWDB`=true
339 ##### `REDUCE_HWDB`=true
340 Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental).
340 Remove PCI related hwdb files (experimental).
341
341
342 ##### `REDUCE_SSHD`=true
342 ##### `REDUCE_SSHD`=true
343 Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`.
343 Replace `openssh-server` with `dropbear`.
344
344
345 ##### `REDUCE_LOCALE`=true
345 ##### `REDUCE_LOCALE`=true
346 Remove all `locale` translation files.
346 Remove all `locale` translation files.
347
347
348 ---
348 ---
349
349
350 #### Encrypted root partition:
350 #### Encrypted root partition:
351 ##### `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=false
351 ##### `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=false
352 Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental. SSH-to-initramfs is currently not supported but will be soon - feel free to help.
352 Enable full system encryption with dm-crypt. Setup a fully LUKS encrypted root partition (aes-xts-plain64:sha512) and generate required initramfs. The /boot directory will not be encrypted. This parameter will be ignored if `BUILD_KERNEL`=false. `ENABLE_CRYPTFS` is experimental. SSH-to-initramfs is currently not supported but will be soon - feel free to help.
353
353
354 ##### `CRYPTFS_PASSWORD`=""
354 ##### `CRYPTFS_PASSWORD`=""
355 Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true.
355 Set password of the encrypted root partition. This parameter is mandatory if `ENABLE_CRYPTFS`=true.
356
356
357 ##### `CRYPTFS_MAPPING`="secure"
357 ##### `CRYPTFS_MAPPING`="secure"
358 Set name of dm-crypt managed device-mapper mapping.
358 Set name of dm-crypt managed device-mapper mapping.
359
359
360 ##### `CRYPTFS_CIPHER`="aes-xts-plain64:sha512"
360 ##### `CRYPTFS_CIPHER`="aes-xts-plain64:sha512"
361 Set cipher specification string. `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended.
361 Set cipher specification string. `aes-xts*` ciphers are strongly recommended.
362
362
363 ##### `CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE`=512
363 ##### `CRYPTFS_XTSKEYSIZE`=512
364 Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8.
364 Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8.
365
365
366 ---
366 ---
367
367
368 #### Build settings:
368 #### Build settings:
369 ##### `BASEDIR`=$(pwd)/images/${RELEASE}
369 ##### `BASEDIR`=$(pwd)/images/${RELEASE}
370 Set a path to a working directory used by the script to generate an image.
370 Set a path to a working directory used by the script to generate an image.
371
371
372 ##### `IMAGE_NAME`=${BASEDIR}/${DATE}-${KERNEL_ARCH}-${KERNEL_BRANCH}-rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}-${RELEASE_ARCH}
372 ##### `IMAGE_NAME`=${BASEDIR}/${DATE}-${KERNEL_ARCH}-${KERNEL_BRANCH}-rpi${RPI_MODEL}-${RELEASE}-${RELEASE_ARCH}
373 Set a filename for the output file(s). Note: the script will create $IMAGE_NAME.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false or $IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img and $IMAGE_NAME-root.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=true. Note 2: If the KERNEL_BRANCH is not set, the word "CURRENT" is used.
373 Set a filename for the output file(s). Note: the script will create $IMAGE_NAME.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=false or $IMAGE_NAME-frmw.img and $IMAGE_NAME-root.img if `ENABLE_SPLITFS`=true. Note 2: If the KERNEL_BRANCH is not set, the word "CURRENT" is used.
374
374
375 ## Understanding the script
375 ## Understanding the script
376 The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the bootstrapping are split up into single files located inside the `bootstrap.d` directory. During the bootstrapping every script in this directory gets executed in lexicographical order:
376 The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the bootstrapping are split up into single files located inside the `bootstrap.d` directory. During the bootstrapping every script in this directory gets executed in lexicographical order:
377
377
378 | Script | Description |
378 | Script | Description |
379 | --- | --- |
379 | --- | --- |
380 | `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system |
380 | `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system |
381 | `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories |
381 | `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories |
382 | `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings |
382 | `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings |
383 | `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi2/3 Kernel |
383 | `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi2/3 Kernel |
384 | `14-fstab.sh` | Setup fstab and initramfs |
384 | `14-fstab.sh` | Setup fstab and initramfs |
385 | `15-rpi-config.sh` | Setup RPi2/3 config and cmdline |
385 | `15-rpi-config.sh` | Setup RPi2/3 config and cmdline |
386 | `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking |
386 | `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking |
387 | `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall |
387 | `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall |
388 | `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings |
388 | `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings |
389 | `31-logging.sh` | Setup Logging |
389 | `31-logging.sh` | Setup Logging |
390 | `32-sshd.sh` | Setup SSH and public keys |
390 | `32-sshd.sh` | Setup SSH and public keys |
391 | `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot |
391 | `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot |
392 | `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver |
392 | `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver |
393 | `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions |
393 | `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions |
394 | `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage |
394 | `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage |
395
395
396 All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS image are located inside the `files` directory. It is not recommended to modify these configuration files manually.
396 All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS image are located inside the `files` directory. It is not recommended to modify these configuration files manually.
397
397
398 | Directory | Description |
398 | Directory | Description |
399 | --- | --- |
399 | --- | --- |
400 | `apt` | APT management configuration files |
400 | `apt` | APT management configuration files |
401 | `boot` | Boot and RPi2/3 configuration files |
401 | `boot` | Boot and RPi2/3 configuration files |
402 | `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration |
402 | `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration |
403 | `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts |
403 | `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts |
404 | `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot |
404 | `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot |
405 | `initramfs` | Initramfs scripts |
405 | `initramfs` | Initramfs scripts |
406 | `iptables` | Firewall configuration files |
406 | `iptables` | Firewall configuration files |
407 | `locales` | Locales configuration |
407 | `locales` | Locales configuration |
408 | `modules` | Kernel Modules configuration |
408 | `modules` | Kernel Modules configuration |
409 | `mount` | Fstab configuration |
409 | `mount` | Fstab configuration |
410 | `network` | Networking configuration files |
410 | `network` | Networking configuration files |
411 | `sysctl.d` | Swapping and Network Hardening configuration |
411 | `sysctl.d` | Swapping and Network Hardening configuration |
412 | `xorg` | fbturbo Xorg driver configuration |
412 | `xorg` | fbturbo Xorg driver configuration |
413
413
414 ## Custom packages and scripts
414 ## Custom packages and scripts
415 Debian custom packages, i.e. those not in the debian repositories, can be installed by placing them in the `packages` directory. They are installed immediately after packages from the repositories are installed. Any dependencies listed in the custom packages will be downloaded automatically from the repositories. Do not list these custom packages in `APT_INCLUDES`.
415 Debian custom packages, i.e. those not in the debian repositories, can be installed by placing them in the `packages` directory. They are installed immediately after packages from the repositories are installed. Any dependencies listed in the custom packages will be downloaded automatically from the repositories. Do not list these custom packages in `APT_INCLUDES`.
416
416
417 Scripts in the custom.d directory will be executed after all other installation is complete but before the image is created.
417 Scripts in the custom.d directory will be executed after all other installation is complete but before the image is created.
418
418
419 ## Logging of the bootstrapping process
419 ## Logging of the bootstrapping process
420 All information related to the bootstrapping process and the commands executed by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script can easily be saved into a logfile. The common shell command `script` can be used for this purpose:
420 All information related to the bootstrapping process and the commands executed by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script can easily be saved into a logfile. The common shell command `script` can be used for this purpose:
421
421
422 ```shell
422 ```shell
423 script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log
423 script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log
424 ```
424 ```
425
425
426 ## Flashing the image file
426 ## Flashing the image file
427 After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
427 After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
428
428
429 ##### Flashing examples:
429 ##### Flashing examples:
430 ```shell
430 ```shell
431 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie.img /dev/mmcblk0
431 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie.img /dev/mmcblk0
432 dd bs=4M if=./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie.img of=/dev/mmcblk0
432 dd bs=4M if=./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie.img of=/dev/mmcblk0
433 ```
433 ```
434 If you have set `ENABLE_SPLITFS`, copy the `-frmw` image on the microSD card, then the `-root` one on the USB drive:
434 If you have set `ENABLE_SPLITFS`, copy the `-frmw` image on the microSD card, then the `-root` one on the USB drive:
435 ```shell
435 ```shell
436 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie-frmw.img /dev/mmcblk0
436 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie-frmw.img /dev/mmcblk0
437 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie-root.img /dev/sdc
437 bmaptool copy ./images/jessie/2017-01-23-rpi3-jessie-root.img /dev/sdc
438 ```
438 ```
439 ## Weekly image builds
439 ## Weekly image builds
440 The image files are provided by JRWR'S I/O PORT and are built once a Sunday at midnight UTC!
440 The image files are provided by JRWR'S I/O PORT and are built once a Sunday at midnight UTC!
441 * [Debian Stretch Raspberry Pi2/3 Weekly Image Builds](https://jrwr.io/doku.php?id=projects:debianpi)
441 * [Debian Stretch Raspberry Pi2/3 Weekly Image Builds](https://jrwr.io/doku.php?id=projects:debianpi)
442
442
443 ## External links and references
443 ## External links and references
444 * [Debian worldwide mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list)
444 * [Debian worldwide mirror sites](https://www.debian.org/mirror/list)
445 * [Debian Raspberry Pi 2 Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi2)
445 * [Debian Raspberry Pi 2 Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi2)
446 * [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains)
446 * [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains)
447 * [Official Raspberry Pi Firmware on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware)
447 * [Official Raspberry Pi Firmware on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware)
448 * [Official Raspberry Pi Kernel on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux)
448 * [Official Raspberry Pi Kernel on github](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux)
449 * [U-BOOT git repository](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary)
449 * [U-BOOT git repository](http://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary)
450 * [Xorg DDX driver fbturbo](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo)
450 * [Xorg DDX driver fbturbo](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo)
451 * [RPi3 Wireless interface firmware](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm)
451 * [RPi3 Wireless interface firmware](https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm)
452 * [Collabora RPi2 Kernel precompiled](https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian/)
452 * [Collabora RPi2 Kernel precompiled](https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian/)
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