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1 | 1 | #!/bin/sh |
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2 | 2 | |
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3 | 3 | ######################################################################## |
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4 | 4 | # rpi2-gen-image.sh ver2a 12/2015 |
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5 | 5 | # |
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6 | 6 | # Advanced debian "jessie" bootstrap script for RPi2 |
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7 | 7 | # |
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8 | 8 | # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or |
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9 | 9 | # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License |
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10 | 10 | # as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 |
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11 | 11 | # of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |
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12 | 12 | # |
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13 | 13 | # some parts based on rpi2-build-image: |
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14 | 14 | # Copyright (C) 2015 Ryan Finnie <ryan@finnie.org> |
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15 | 15 | # Copyright (C) 2015 Luca Falavigna <dktrkranz@debian.org> |
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16 | 16 | ######################################################################## |
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17 | 17 | |
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18 | 18 | cleanup (){ |
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19 | 19 | set +x |
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20 | 20 | set +e |
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21 | 21 | echo "removing temporary mount points ..." |
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22 | 22 | umount -l $R/proc 2> /dev/null |
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23 | 23 | umount -l $R/sys 2> /dev/null |
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24 | 24 | umount -l $R/dev/pts 2> /dev/null |
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25 | 25 | umount "$BUILDDIR/mount/boot/firmware" 2> /dev/null |
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26 | 26 | umount "$BUILDDIR/mount" 2> /dev/null |
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27 | 27 | losetup -d "$EXT4_LOOP" 2> /dev/null |
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28 | 28 | losetup -d "$VFAT_LOOP" 2> /dev/null |
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29 | 29 | trap - 0 1 2 3 6 |
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30 | 30 | } |
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31 | 31 | |
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32 | 32 | set -e |
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33 | 33 | set -x |
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34 | 34 | |
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35 | 35 | RELEASE=${RELEASE:=jessie} |
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36 | 36 | |
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37 | 37 | # Build settings |
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38 | 38 | BASEDIR=./images/${RELEASE} |
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39 | 39 | BUILDDIR=${BASEDIR}/build |
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40 | 40 | |
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41 | 41 | # General settings |
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42 | 42 | HOSTNAME=${HOSTNAME:=rpi2-${RELEASE}} |
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43 | 43 | PASSWORD=${PASSWORD:=raspberry} |
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44 | 44 | DEFLOCAL=${DEFLOCAL:="en_US.UTF-8"} |
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45 | 45 | TIMEZONE=${TIMEZONE:="Europe/Berlin"} |
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46 | 46 | |
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47 | 47 | # APT settings |
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48 | 48 | APT_PROXY=${APT_PROXY:=""} |
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49 | 49 | APT_SERVER=${APT_SERVER:="ftp.debian.org"} |
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50 | 50 | |
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51 | 51 | # Feature settings |
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52 | 52 | ENABLE_CONSOLE=${ENABLE_CONSOLE:=true} |
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53 | 53 | ENABLE_IPV6=${ENABLE_IPV6:=true} |
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54 | 54 | ENABLE_SSHD=${ENABLE_SSHD:=true} |
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55 | 55 | ENABLE_SOUND=${ENABLE_SOUND:=true} |
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56 | 56 | ENABLE_SYSTEMD=${ENABLE_SYSTEMD:=true} |
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57 | 57 | ENABLE_DBUS=${ENABLE_DBUS:=true} |
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58 | 58 | ENABLE_HWRANDOM=${ENABLE_HWRANDOM:=true} |
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59 | 59 | ENABLE_MINGPU=${ENABLE_MINGPU:=false} |
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60 | 60 | ENABLE_XORG=${ENABLE_XORG:=false} |
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61 | 61 | ENABLE_FLUXBOX=${ENABLE_FLUXBOX:=false} |
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62 | 62 | |
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63 | 63 | # Advanced settings |
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64 | 64 | ENABLE_UBOOT=${ENABLE_UBOOT:=false} |
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65 | 65 | ENABLE_HARDNET=${ENABLE_HARDNET:=false} |
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66 | 66 | ENABLE_IPTABLES=${ENABLE_IPTABLES:=false} |
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67 | 67 | |
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68 | 68 | # Image chroot path |
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69 | 69 | R=${BUILDDIR}/chroot |
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70 | 70 | |
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71 | 71 | # Packages required for bootstrapping |
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72 | 72 | REQUIRED_PACKAGES="debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git-core" |
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73 | 73 | |
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74 | # Missing packages that need to be installed | |
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75 | MISSING_PACKAGES="" | |
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76 | ||
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74 | 77 | # Packages required in the chroot build enviroment |
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75 | 78 | APT_INCLUDES="apt-transport-https,ca-certificates,debian-archive-keyring,dialog,locales,apt-utils,vim-tiny" |
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76 | 79 | |
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77 | 80 | set +x |
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78 | 81 | |
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79 | 82 | # Are we running as root? |
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80 | 83 | if [ "$(id -u)" -ne "0" ] ; then |
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81 | 84 | echo "this script must be executed with root privileges" |
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82 | 85 | exit 1 |
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83 | 86 | fi |
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84 | 87 | |
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88 | # Check if all required packages are installed | |
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89 | for package in $REQUIRED_PACKAGES ; do | |
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90 | if [ "`dpkg-query -W -f='${Status}' $package`" != "install ok installed" ] ; then | |
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91 | MISSING_PACKAGES="$MISSING_PACKAGES $package" | |
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92 | fi | |
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93 | done | |
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94 | ||
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95 | # Ask if missing packages should get installed right now | |
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96 | if [ -n "$MISSING_PACKAGES" ] ; then | |
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97 | echo "the following packages needed by this script are not installed:" | |
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98 | echo "$MISSING_PACKAGES" | |
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99 | ||
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100 | echo -n "\ndo you want to install the missing packages right now? [y/n] " | |
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101 | read confirm | |
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102 | if [ "$confirm" != "y" ] ; then | |
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103 | exit 1 | |
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104 | fi | |
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105 | fi | |
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106 | ||
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107 | # Make sure all required packages are installed | |
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108 | apt-get -qq -y install ${REQUIRED_PACKAGES} | |
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109 | exit | |
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110 | ||
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85 | 111 | # Don't clobber an old build |
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86 | 112 | if [ -e "$BUILDDIR" ]; then |
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87 | 113 | echo "directory $BUILDDIR already exists, not proceeding" |
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88 | 114 | exit 1 |
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89 | 115 | fi |
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90 | 116 | |
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91 | 117 | set -x |
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92 | 118 | |
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93 | 119 | # Call "cleanup" function on various signals and errors |
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94 | 120 | trap cleanup 0 1 2 3 6 |
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95 | 121 | |
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96 | 122 | # Set up chroot directory |
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97 | 123 | mkdir -p $R |
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98 | 124 | |
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99 | # Install dependencies | |
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100 | apt-get -q -y install ${REQUIRED_PACKAGES} | |
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101 | ||
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102 | 125 | # Use traditional SystemV init instead of systemd services |
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103 | 126 | if [ "$ENABLE_SYSTEMD" = false ] ; then |
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104 | 127 | APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},sysvinit-core" |
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105 | 128 | fi |
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106 | 129 | |
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107 | 130 | # Add dbus package, recommended if using systemd |
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108 | 131 | if [ "$ENABLE_DBUS" = true ] ; then |
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109 | 132 | APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},dbus" |
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110 | 133 | fi |
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111 | 134 | |
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112 | 135 | # Add openssh server package |
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113 | 136 | if [ "$ENABLE_SSHD" = true ] ; then |
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114 | 137 | APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},openssh-server" |
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115 | 138 | fi |
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116 | 139 | |
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117 | 140 | # Add rng-tools package |
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118 | 141 | if [ "$ENABLE_HWRANDOM" = true ] ; then |
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119 | 142 | APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},rng-tools" |
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120 | 143 | fi |
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121 | 144 | |
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122 | 145 | # Add xorg package |
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123 | 146 | if [ "$ENABLE_XORG" = true ] ; then |
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124 | 147 | APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},xorg" |
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125 | 148 | fi |
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126 | 149 | |
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127 | 150 | # Add fluxbox package with eterm |
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128 | 151 | if [ "$ENABLE_FLUXBOX" = true ] ; then |
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129 | 152 | APT_INCLUDES="${APT_INCLUDES},fluxbox,eterm" |
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130 | 153 | fi |
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131 | 154 | |
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132 | 155 | if [ -z "$APT_PROXY" ] ; then |
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133 | 156 | APT_PROXY="http://" |
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134 | 157 | fi |
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135 | 158 | |
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136 | 159 | # Base debootstrap (unpack only) |
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137 | 160 | debootstrap --arch=armhf --foreign --include=${APT_INCLUDES} $RELEASE $R ${APT_PROXY}${APT_SERVER}/debian |
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138 | 161 | cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $R/usr/bin |
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139 | 162 | |
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140 | 163 | # Remove systemd related packages from list of packages to be bootstrapped |
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141 | 164 | if [ "$ENABLE_SYSTEMD" = false ] ; then |
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142 | 165 | chroot $R sed -i -e 's/systemd systemd-sysv //g' /debootstrap/required |
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143 | 166 | fi |
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144 | 167 | |
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145 | 168 | # Copy debian-archive-keyring.pgp |
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146 | 169 | chroot $R mkdir -p /usr/share/keyrings |
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147 | 170 | cp /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg $R/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg |
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148 | 171 | |
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149 | 172 | # Complete the bootstrapping proccess |
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150 | 173 | chroot $R /debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage |
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151 | 174 | |
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152 | 175 | # Mount required filesystems |
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153 | 176 | mount -t proc none $R/proc |
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154 | 177 | mount -t sysfs none $R/sys |
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155 | 178 | mount --bind /dev/pts $R/dev/pts |
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156 | 179 | |
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157 | 180 | # Set up initial sources.list |
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158 | 181 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/apt/sources.list |
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159 | 182 | deb http://${APT_SERVER}/debian ${RELEASE} main contrib |
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160 | 183 | #deb-src http://${APT_SERVER}/debian ${RELEASE} main contrib |
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161 | 184 | |
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162 | 185 | deb http://${APT_SERVER}/debian/ ${RELEASE}-updates main contrib |
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163 | 186 | #deb-src http://${APT_SERVER}/debian/ ${RELEASE}-updates main contrib |
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164 | 187 | |
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165 | 188 | deb http://security.debian.org/ ${RELEASE}/updates main contrib |
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166 | 189 | #deb-src http://security.debian.org/ ${RELEASE}/updates main contrib |
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167 | 190 | |
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168 | 191 | deb https://repositories.collabora.co.uk/debian ${RELEASE} rpi2 |
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169 | 192 | EOM |
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170 | 193 | |
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171 | 194 | # Pin package flash-kernel to repositories.collabora.co.uk |
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172 | 195 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/apt/preferences.d/flash-kernel |
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173 | 196 | Package: flash-kernel |
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174 | 197 | Pin: origin repositories.collabora.co.uk |
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175 | 198 | Pin-Priority: 1000 |
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176 | 199 | EOM |
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177 | 200 | |
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178 | 201 | # Set up timezone |
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179 | 202 | echo ${TIMEZONE} >$R/etc/timezone |
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180 | 203 | LANG=C chroot $R dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive tzdata |
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181 | 204 | |
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182 | 205 | # Set up default locales to "en_US.UTF-8" default |
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183 | 206 | LANG=C chroot $R sed -i '/${DEFLOCAL}/s/^#//' /etc/locale.gen |
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184 | 207 | LANG=C chroot $R locale-gen ${DEFLOCAL} |
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185 | 208 | |
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186 | 209 | # Fetch APT public key "Collabora Raspbian Archive Signing Key <daniels@collabora.com>" |
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187 | 210 | LANG=C chroot $R apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys ED4BF9140C50B1C5 |
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188 | 211 | |
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189 | 212 | # Upgrade package index and update all installed packages and changed dependencies |
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190 | 213 | LANG=C chroot $R apt-get -q -y update |
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191 | 214 | LANG=C chroot $R apt-get -q -y -u dist-upgrade |
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192 | 215 | |
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193 | 216 | # Kernel installation |
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194 | 217 | # Install flash-kernel last so it doesn't try (and fail) to detect the platform in the chroot |
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195 | 218 | |
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196 | 219 | LANG=C chroot $R apt-get -q -y --force-yes --no-install-recommends install linux-image-3.18.0-trunk-rpi2 |
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197 | 220 | LANG=C chroot $R apt-get -q -y --force-yes install flash-kernel |
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198 | 221 | |
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199 | 222 | VMLINUZ="$(ls -1 $R/boot/vmlinuz-* | sort | tail -n 1)" |
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200 | 223 | [ -z "$VMLINUZ" ] && exit 1 |
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201 | 224 | mkdir -p $R/boot/firmware |
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202 | 225 | |
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203 | 226 | # required boot binaries from raspberry/firmware github (commit: "kernel: Bump to 3.18.10") |
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204 | 227 | wget -q -O $R/boot/firmware/bootcode.bin https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/raw/cd355a9dd4f1f4de2e79b0c8e102840885cdf1de/boot/bootcode.bin |
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205 | 228 | wget -q -O $R/boot/firmware/fixup_cd.dat https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/raw/cd355a9dd4f1f4de2e79b0c8e102840885cdf1de/boot/fixup_cd.dat |
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206 | 229 | wget -q -O $R/boot/firmware/fixup.dat https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/raw/cd355a9dd4f1f4de2e79b0c8e102840885cdf1de/boot/fixup.dat |
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207 | 230 | wget -q -O $R/boot/firmware/fixup_x.dat https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/raw/cd355a9dd4f1f4de2e79b0c8e102840885cdf1de/boot/fixup_x.dat |
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208 | 231 | wget -q -O $R/boot/firmware/start_cd.elf https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/raw/cd355a9dd4f1f4de2e79b0c8e102840885cdf1de/boot/start_cd.elf |
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209 | 232 | wget -q -O $R/boot/firmware/start.elf https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/raw/cd355a9dd4f1f4de2e79b0c8e102840885cdf1de/boot/start.elf |
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210 | 233 | wget -q -O $R/boot/firmware/start_x.elf https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/raw/cd355a9dd4f1f4de2e79b0c8e102840885cdf1de/boot/start_x.elf |
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211 | 234 | cp $VMLINUZ $R/boot/firmware/kernel7.img |
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212 | 235 | |
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213 | 236 | # Set up hosts |
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214 | 237 | echo ${HOSTNAME} >$R/etc/hostname |
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215 | 238 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/hosts |
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216 | 239 | 127.0.0.1 localhost |
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217 | 240 | 127.0.1.1 ${HOSTNAME} |
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218 | 241 | EOM |
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219 | 242 | |
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220 | 243 | if [ "$ENABLE_IPV6" = true ] ; then |
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221 | 244 | cat <<EOM >>$R/etc/hosts |
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222 | 245 | |
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223 | 246 | ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback |
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224 | 247 | ff02::1 ip6-allnodes |
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225 | 248 | ff02::2 ip6-allrouters |
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226 | 249 | EOM |
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227 | 250 | fi |
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228 | 251 | |
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229 | 252 | # Generate crypt(3) password string |
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230 | 253 | ENCRYPTED_PASSWORD=`mkpasswd -m sha-512 ${PASSWORD}` |
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231 | 254 | |
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232 | 255 | # Set up default user |
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233 | 256 | LANG=C chroot $R adduser --gecos "Raspberry PI user" --add_extra_groups --disabled-password pi |
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234 | 257 | LANG=C chroot $R usermod -a -G sudo -p "${ENCRYPTED_PASSWORD}" pi |
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235 | 258 | |
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236 | 259 | # Set up root password |
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237 | 260 | LANG=C chroot $R usermod -p "${ENCRYPTED_PASSWORD}" root |
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238 | 261 | |
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239 | 262 | |
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240 | 263 | # Set up interfaces |
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241 | 264 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/network/interfaces |
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242 | 265 | # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) |
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243 | 266 | # Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d: |
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244 | 267 | source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d |
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245 | 268 | |
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246 | 269 | # The loopback network interface |
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247 | 270 | auto lo |
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248 | 271 | iface lo inet loopback |
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249 | 272 | |
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250 | 273 | # The primary network interface |
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251 | 274 | allow-hotplug eth0 |
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252 | 275 | iface eth0 inet dhcp |
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253 | 276 | EOM |
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254 | 277 | |
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255 | 278 | # Set up firmware boot cmdline |
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256 | 279 | CMDLINE="dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootflags=commit=100,data=writeback elevator=deadline rootwait net.ifnames=1 console=tty1" |
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257 | 280 | |
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258 | 281 | # Set up serial console support (if requested) |
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259 | 282 | if [ "$ENABLE_CONSOLE" = true ] ; then |
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260 | 283 | CMDLINE="${CMDLINE} console=ttyAMA0,115200 kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200" |
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261 | 284 | fi |
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262 | 285 | |
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263 | 286 | # Set up ipv6 support (if requested) |
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264 | 287 | if [ "$ENABLE_IPV6" = false ] ; then |
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265 | 288 | CMDLINE="${CMDLINE} ipv6.disable=1" |
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266 | 289 | fi |
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267 | 290 | |
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268 | 291 | echo "${CMDLINE}" >$R/boot/firmware/cmdline.txt |
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269 | 292 | |
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270 | 293 | # Set up firmware config |
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271 | 294 | cat <<EOM >$R/boot/firmware/config.txt |
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272 | 295 | # For more options and information see |
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273 | 296 | # http://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt.md |
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274 | 297 | # Some settings may impact device functionality. See link above for details |
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275 | 298 | |
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276 | 299 | # uncomment if you get no picture on HDMI for a default "safe" mode |
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277 | 300 | #hdmi_safe=1 |
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278 | 301 | |
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279 | 302 | # uncomment this if your display has a black border of unused pixels visible |
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280 | 303 | # and your display can output without overscan |
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281 | 304 | #disable_overscan=1 |
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282 | 305 | |
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283 | 306 | # uncomment the following to adjust overscan. Use positive numbers if console |
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284 | 307 | # goes off screen, and negative if there is too much border |
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285 | 308 | #overscan_left=16 |
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286 | 309 | #overscan_right=16 |
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287 | 310 | #overscan_top=16 |
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288 | 311 | #overscan_bottom=16 |
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289 | 312 | |
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290 | 313 | # uncomment to force a console size. By default it will be display's size minus |
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291 | 314 | # overscan. |
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292 | 315 | #framebuffer_width=1280 |
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293 | 316 | #framebuffer_height=720 |
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294 | 317 | |
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295 | 318 | # uncomment if hdmi display is not detected and composite is being output |
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296 | 319 | #hdmi_force_hotplug=1 |
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297 | 320 | |
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298 | 321 | # uncomment to force a specific HDMI mode (this will force VGA) |
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299 | 322 | #hdmi_group=1 |
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300 | 323 | #hdmi_mode=1 |
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301 | 324 | |
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302 | 325 | # uncomment to force a HDMI mode rather than DVI. This can make audio work in |
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303 | 326 | # DMT (computer monitor) modes |
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304 | 327 | #hdmi_drive=2 |
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305 | 328 | |
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306 | 329 | # uncomment to increase signal to HDMI, if you have interference, blanking, or |
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307 | 330 | # no display |
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308 | 331 | #config_hdmi_boost=4 |
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309 | 332 | |
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310 | 333 | # uncomment for composite PAL |
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311 | 334 | #sdtv_mode=2 |
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312 | 335 | |
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313 | 336 | # uncomment to overclock the arm. 700 MHz is the default. |
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314 | 337 | #arm_freq=800 |
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315 | 338 | EOM |
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316 | 339 | |
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317 | 340 | # Set smallest possible GPU memory allocation size: 16MB (no X) |
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318 | 341 | if [ "$ENABLE_MINGPU" = true ] ; then |
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319 | 342 | echo "gpu_mem=16" >>$R/boot/firmware/config.txt |
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320 | 343 | fi |
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321 | 344 | |
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322 | 345 | # Create symlinks |
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323 | 346 | ln -sf firmware/config.txt $R/boot/config.txt |
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324 | 347 | ln -sf firmware/cmdline.txt $R/boot/cmdline.txt |
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325 | 348 | |
|
|
326 | 349 | # Prepare modules-load.d directory |
|
|
327 | 350 | mkdir -p $R/lib/modules-load.d/ |
|
|
328 | 351 | |
|
|
329 | 352 | # Load random module on boot |
|
|
330 | 353 | if [ "$ENABLE_HWRANDOM" = true ] ; then |
|
|
331 | 354 | cat <<EOM >$R/lib/modules-load.d/rpi2.conf |
|
|
332 | 355 | bcm2708_rng |
|
|
333 | 356 | EOM |
|
|
334 | 357 | fi |
|
|
335 | 358 | |
|
|
336 | 359 | # Prepare modprobe.d directory |
|
|
337 | 360 | mkdir -p $R/etc/modprobe.d/ |
|
|
338 | 361 | |
|
|
339 | 362 | # Blacklist sound modules |
|
|
340 | 363 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf |
|
|
341 | 364 | blacklist snd_soc_core |
|
|
342 | 365 | blacklist snd_pcm |
|
|
343 | 366 | blacklist snd_pcm_dmaengine |
|
|
344 | 367 | blacklist snd_timer |
|
|
345 | 368 | blacklist snd_compress |
|
|
346 | 369 | blacklist snd_soc_pcm512x_i2c |
|
|
347 | 370 | blacklist snd_soc_pcm512x |
|
|
348 | 371 | blacklist snd_soc_tas5713 |
|
|
349 | 372 | blacklist snd_soc_wm8804 |
|
|
350 | 373 | EOM |
|
|
351 | 374 | |
|
|
352 | 375 | # Create default fstab |
|
|
353 | 376 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/fstab |
|
|
354 | 377 | /dev/mmcblk0p2 / ext4 noatime,nodiratime,errors=remount-ro,discard,data=writeback,commit=100 0 1 |
|
|
355 | 378 | /dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot/firmware vfat defaults,noatime,nodiratime 0 2 |
|
|
356 | 379 | EOM |
|
|
357 | 380 | |
|
|
358 | 381 | # Avoid swapping and increase cache sizes |
|
|
359 | 382 | cat <<EOM >>$R/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf |
|
|
360 | 383 | |
|
|
361 | 384 | # Avoid swapping and increase cache sizes |
|
|
362 | 385 | vm.swappiness=1 |
|
|
363 | 386 | vm.dirty_background_ratio=20 |
|
|
364 | 387 | vm.dirty_ratio=40 |
|
|
365 | 388 | vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=500 |
|
|
366 | 389 | vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=6000 |
|
|
367 | 390 | EOM |
|
|
368 | 391 | |
|
|
369 | 392 | # Enable network stack hardening |
|
|
370 | 393 | if [ "$ENABLE_HARDNET" = true ] ; then |
|
|
371 | 394 | cat <<EOM >>$R/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf |
|
|
372 | 395 | |
|
|
373 | 396 | # Enable network stack hardening |
|
|
374 | 397 | net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=0 |
|
|
375 | 398 | net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 |
|
|
376 | 399 | net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1 |
|
|
377 | 400 | net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0 |
|
|
378 | 401 | net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0 |
|
|
379 | 402 | net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0 |
|
|
380 | 403 | net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1 |
|
|
381 | 404 | net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0 |
|
|
382 | 405 | net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0 |
|
|
383 | 406 | net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0 |
|
|
384 | 407 | net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects=0 |
|
|
385 | 408 | net.ipv4.conf.lo.send_redirects=0 |
|
|
386 | 409 | net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route=0 |
|
|
387 | 410 | net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects=0 |
|
|
388 | 411 | net.ipv4.conf.eth0.send_redirects=0 |
|
|
389 | 412 | net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route=0 |
|
|
390 | 413 | net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1 |
|
|
391 | 414 | net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1 |
|
|
392 | 415 | |
|
|
393 | 416 | net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects=0 |
|
|
394 | 417 | net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route=0 |
|
|
395 | 418 | net.ipv6.conf.all.router_solicitations=0 |
|
|
396 | 419 | net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra_rtr_pref=0 |
|
|
397 | 420 | net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra_pinfo=0 |
|
|
398 | 421 | net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra_defrtr=0 |
|
|
399 | 422 | net.ipv6.conf.all.autoconf=0 |
|
|
400 | 423 | net.ipv6.conf.all.dad_transmits=0 |
|
|
401 | 424 | net.ipv6.conf.all.max_addresses=1 |
|
|
402 | 425 | |
|
|
403 | 426 | net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0 |
|
|
404 | 427 | net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route=0 |
|
|
405 | 428 | net.ipv6.conf.default.router_solicitations=0 |
|
|
406 | 429 | net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_rtr_pref=0 |
|
|
407 | 430 | net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_pinfo=0 |
|
|
408 | 431 | net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_defrtr=0 |
|
|
409 | 432 | net.ipv6.conf.default.autoconf=0 |
|
|
410 | 433 | net.ipv6.conf.default.dad_transmits=0 |
|
|
411 | 434 | net.ipv6.conf.default.max_addresses=1 |
|
|
412 | 435 | |
|
|
413 | 436 | net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_redirects=0 |
|
|
414 | 437 | net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_source_route=0 |
|
|
415 | 438 | net.ipv6.conf.lo.router_solicitations=0 |
|
|
416 | 439 | net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_ra_rtr_pref=0 |
|
|
417 | 440 | net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_ra_pinfo=0 |
|
|
418 | 441 | net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_ra_defrtr=0 |
|
|
419 | 442 | net.ipv6.conf.lo.autoconf=0 |
|
|
420 | 443 | net.ipv6.conf.lo.dad_transmits=0 |
|
|
421 | 444 | net.ipv6.conf.lo.max_addresses=1 |
|
|
422 | 445 | |
|
|
423 | 446 | net.ipv6.conf.eth0.accept_redirects=0 |
|
|
424 | 447 | net.ipv6.conf.eth0.accept_source_route=0 |
|
|
425 | 448 | net.ipv6.conf.eth0.router_solicitations=0 |
|
|
426 | 449 | net.ipv6.conf.eth0.accept_ra_rtr_pref=0 |
|
|
427 | 450 | net.ipv6.conf.eth0.accept_ra_pinfo=0 |
|
|
428 | 451 | net.ipv6.conf.eth0.accept_ra_defrtr=0 |
|
|
429 | 452 | net.ipv6.conf.eth0.autoconf=0 |
|
|
430 | 453 | net.ipv6.conf.eth0.dad_transmits=0 |
|
|
431 | 454 | net.ipv6.conf.eth0.max_addresses=1 |
|
|
432 | 455 | EOM |
|
|
433 | 456 | |
|
|
434 | 457 | # Enable resolver warnings about spoofed addresses |
|
|
435 | 458 | cat <<EOM >>$R/etc/host.conf |
|
|
436 | 459 | spoof warn |
|
|
437 | 460 | EOM |
|
|
438 | 461 | fi |
|
|
439 | 462 | |
|
|
440 | 463 | # Regenerate openssh server host keys |
|
|
441 | 464 | if [ "$ENABLE_SSHD" = true ] ; then |
|
|
442 | 465 | rm -fr $R/etc/ssh/ssh_host_* |
|
|
443 | 466 | LANG=C chroot $R dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server |
|
|
444 | 467 | fi |
|
|
445 | 468 | |
|
|
446 | 469 | # Enable serial console systemd style |
|
|
447 | 470 | if [ "$ENABLE_CONSOLE" = true ] ; then |
|
|
448 | 471 | LANG=C chroot $R systemctl enable serial-getty\@ttyAMA0.service |
|
|
449 | 472 | fi |
|
|
450 | 473 | |
|
|
451 | 474 | # Enable firewall based on iptables started by systemd service |
|
|
452 | 475 | if [ "$ENABLE_IPTABLES" = true ] ; then |
|
|
453 | 476 | # Create iptables configuration directory |
|
|
454 | 477 | mkdir -p "$R/etc/iptables" |
|
|
455 | 478 | |
|
|
456 | 479 | # Create iptables systemd service |
|
|
457 | 480 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/systemd/system/iptables.service |
|
|
458 | 481 | [Unit] |
|
|
459 | 482 | Description=Packet Filtering Framework |
|
|
460 | 483 | DefaultDependencies=no |
|
|
461 | 484 | After=systemd-sysctl.service |
|
|
462 | 485 | Before=sysinit.target |
|
|
463 | 486 | [Service] |
|
|
464 | 487 | Type=oneshot |
|
|
465 | 488 | ExecStart=/sbin/iptables-restore /etc/iptables/iptables.rules |
|
|
466 | 489 | ExecReload=/sbin/iptables-restore /etc/iptables/iptables.rules |
|
|
467 | 490 | ExecStop=/etc/iptables/flush-iptables.sh |
|
|
468 | 491 | RemainAfterExit=yes |
|
|
469 | 492 | [Install] |
|
|
470 | 493 | WantedBy=multi-user.target |
|
|
471 | 494 | EOM |
|
|
472 | 495 | |
|
|
473 | 496 | # Create flush-table script called by iptables service |
|
|
474 | 497 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/iptables/flush-iptables.sh |
|
|
475 | 498 | #!/bin/sh |
|
|
476 | 499 | iptables -F |
|
|
477 | 500 | iptables -X |
|
|
478 | 501 | iptables -t nat -F |
|
|
479 | 502 | iptables -t nat -X |
|
|
480 | 503 | iptables -t mangle -F |
|
|
481 | 504 | iptables -t mangle -X |
|
|
482 | 505 | iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT |
|
|
483 | 506 | iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT |
|
|
484 | 507 | iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT |
|
|
485 | 508 | EOM |
|
|
486 | 509 | |
|
|
487 | 510 | # Create iptables rule file |
|
|
488 | 511 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/iptables/iptables.rules |
|
|
489 | 512 | *filter |
|
|
490 | 513 | :INPUT DROP [0:0] |
|
|
491 | 514 | :FORWARD DROP [0:0] |
|
|
492 | 515 | :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] |
|
|
493 | 516 | :TCP - [0:0] |
|
|
494 | 517 | :UDP - [0:0] |
|
|
495 | 518 | :SSH - [0:0] |
|
|
496 | 519 | |
|
|
497 | 520 | # Rate limit ping requests |
|
|
498 | 521 | -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m limit --limit 30/min --limit-burst 8 -j ACCEPT |
|
|
499 | 522 | -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP |
|
|
500 | 523 | |
|
|
501 | 524 | # Accept established connections |
|
|
502 | 525 | -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT |
|
|
503 | 526 | |
|
|
504 | 527 | # Accept all traffic on loopback interface |
|
|
505 | 528 | -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT |
|
|
506 | 529 | |
|
|
507 | 530 | # Drop packets declared invalid |
|
|
508 | 531 | -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP |
|
|
509 | 532 | |
|
|
510 | 533 | # SSH rate limiting |
|
|
511 | 534 | -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j SSH |
|
|
512 | 535 | -A SSH -m recent --name sshbf --rttl --rcheck --hitcount 3 --seconds 10 -j DROP |
|
|
513 | 536 | -A SSH -m recent --name sshbf --rttl --rcheck --hitcount 20 --seconds 1800 -j DROP |
|
|
514 | 537 | -A SSH -m recent --name sshbf --set -j ACCEPT |
|
|
515 | 538 | |
|
|
516 | 539 | # Send TCP and UDP connections to their respective rules chain |
|
|
517 | 540 | -A INPUT -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j UDP |
|
|
518 | 541 | -A INPUT -p tcp --syn -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j TCP |
|
|
519 | 542 | |
|
|
520 | 543 | # Reject dropped packets with a RFC compliant responce |
|
|
521 | 544 | -A INPUT -p udp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable |
|
|
522 | 545 | -A INPUT -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-rst |
|
|
523 | 546 | -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-proto-unreachable |
|
|
524 | 547 | |
|
|
525 | 548 | ## TCP PORT RULES |
|
|
526 | 549 | # -A TCP -p tcp -j LOG |
|
|
527 | 550 | |
|
|
528 | 551 | ## UDP PORT RULES |
|
|
529 | 552 | # -A UDP -p udp -j LOG |
|
|
530 | 553 | |
|
|
531 | 554 | COMMIT |
|
|
532 | 555 | EOM |
|
|
533 | 556 | |
|
|
534 | 557 | # Reload systemd configuration and enable iptables service |
|
|
535 | 558 | LANG=C chroot $R systemctl daemon-reload |
|
|
536 | 559 | LANG=C chroot $R systemctl enable iptables.service |
|
|
537 | 560 | |
|
|
538 | 561 | if [ "$ENABLE_IPV6" = true ] ; then |
|
|
539 | 562 | # Create ip6tables systemd service |
|
|
540 | 563 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/systemd/system/ip6tables.service |
|
|
541 | 564 | [Unit] |
|
|
542 | 565 | Description=Packet Filtering Framework |
|
|
543 | 566 | DefaultDependencies=no |
|
|
544 | 567 | After=systemd-sysctl.service |
|
|
545 | 568 | Before=sysinit.target |
|
|
546 | 569 | [Service] |
|
|
547 | 570 | Type=oneshot |
|
|
548 | 571 | ExecStart=/sbin/ip6tables-restore /etc/iptables/ip6tables.rules |
|
|
549 | 572 | ExecReload=/sbin/ip6tables-restore /etc/iptables/ip6tables.rules |
|
|
550 | 573 | ExecStop=/etc/iptables/flush-ip6tables.sh |
|
|
551 | 574 | RemainAfterExit=yes |
|
|
552 | 575 | [Install] |
|
|
553 | 576 | WantedBy=multi-user.target |
|
|
554 | 577 | EOM |
|
|
555 | 578 | |
|
|
556 | 579 | # Create ip6tables file |
|
|
557 | 580 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/iptables/flush-ip6tables.sh |
|
|
558 | 581 | #!/bin/sh |
|
|
559 | 582 | ip6tables -F |
|
|
560 | 583 | ip6tables -X |
|
|
561 | 584 | ip6tables -Z |
|
|
562 | 585 | for table in $(</proc/net/ip6_tables_names) |
|
|
563 | 586 | do |
|
|
564 | 587 | ip6tables -t \$table -F |
|
|
565 | 588 | ip6tables -t \$table -X |
|
|
566 | 589 | ip6tables -t \$table -Z |
|
|
567 | 590 | done |
|
|
568 | 591 | ip6tables -P INPUT ACCEPT |
|
|
569 | 592 | ip6tables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT |
|
|
570 | 593 | ip6tables -P FORWARD ACCEPT |
|
|
571 | 594 | EOM |
|
|
572 | 595 | |
|
|
573 | 596 | # Create ip6tables rule file |
|
|
574 | 597 | cat <<EOM >$R/etc/iptables/ip6tables.rules |
|
|
575 | 598 | *filter |
|
|
576 | 599 | :INPUT DROP [0:0] |
|
|
577 | 600 | :FORWARD DROP [0:0] |
|
|
578 | 601 | :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] |
|
|
579 | 602 | :TCP - [0:0] |
|
|
580 | 603 | :UDP - [0:0] |
|
|
581 | 604 | :SSH - [0:0] |
|
|
582 | 605 | |
|
|
583 | 606 | # Drop packets with RH0 headers |
|
|
584 | 607 | -A INPUT -m rt --rt-type 0 -j DROP |
|
|
585 | 608 | -A OUTPUT -m rt --rt-type 0 -j DROP |
|
|
586 | 609 | -A FORWARD -m rt --rt-type 0 -j DROP |
|
|
587 | 610 | |
|
|
588 | 611 | # Rate limit ping requests |
|
|
589 | 612 | -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type echo-request -m limit --limit 30/min --limit-burst 8 -j ACCEPT |
|
|
590 | 613 | -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type echo-request -j DROP |
|
|
591 | 614 | |
|
|
592 | 615 | # Accept established connections |
|
|
593 | 616 | -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT |
|
|
594 | 617 | |
|
|
595 | 618 | # Accept all traffic on loopback interface |
|
|
596 | 619 | -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT |
|
|
597 | 620 | |
|
|
598 | 621 | # Drop packets declared invalid |
|
|
599 | 622 | -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP |
|
|
600 | 623 | |
|
|
601 | 624 | # SSH rate limiting |
|
|
602 | 625 | -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j SSH |
|
|
603 | 626 | -A SSH -m recent --name sshbf --rttl --rcheck --hitcount 3 --seconds 10 -j DROP |
|
|
604 | 627 | -A SSH -m recent --name sshbf --rttl --rcheck --hitcount 20 --seconds 1800 -j DROP |
|
|
605 | 628 | -A SSH -m recent --name sshbf --set -j ACCEPT |
|
|
606 | 629 | |
|
|
607 | 630 | # Send TCP and UDP connections to their respective rules chain |
|
|
608 | 631 | -A INPUT -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j UDP |
|
|
609 | 632 | -A INPUT -p tcp --syn -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j TCP |
|
|
610 | 633 | |
|
|
611 | 634 | # Reject dropped packets with a RFC compliant responce |
|
|
612 | 635 | -A INPUT -p udp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited |
|
|
613 | 636 | -A INPUT -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited |
|
|
614 | 637 | -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited |
|
|
615 | 638 | |
|
|
616 | 639 | ## TCP PORT RULES |
|
|
617 | 640 | # -A TCP -p tcp -j LOG |
|
|
618 | 641 | |
|
|
619 | 642 | ## UDP PORT RULES |
|
|
620 | 643 | # -A UDP -p udp -j LOG |
|
|
621 | 644 | |
|
|
622 | 645 | COMMIT |
|
|
623 | 646 | EOM |
|
|
624 | 647 | |
|
|
625 | 648 | # Reload systemd configuration and enable iptables service |
|
|
626 | 649 | LANG=C chroot $R systemctl daemon-reload |
|
|
627 | 650 | LANG=C chroot $R systemctl enable ip6tables.service |
|
|
628 | 651 | |
|
|
629 | 652 | fi |
|
|
630 | 653 | fi |
|
|
631 | 654 | |
|
|
632 | 655 | if [ "$ENABLE_UBOOT" = true ] ; then |
|
|
633 | 656 | # Fetch u-boot github |
|
|
634 | 657 | git -C $R/tmp clone git://git.denx.de/u-boot.git |
|
|
635 | 658 | |
|
|
636 | 659 | # Install minimal gcc/g++ build environment and build u-boot inside chroot |
|
|
637 | 660 | LANG=C chroot $R apt-get install -y --force-yes --no-install-recommends linux-compiler-gcc-4.9-arm g++ make bc |
|
|
638 | 661 | LANG=C chroot $R make -C /tmp/u-boot/ rpi_2_defconfig all |
|
|
639 | 662 | |
|
|
640 | 663 | # Copy compiled bootloader binary and set config.txt to load it |
|
|
641 | 664 | cp $R/tmp/u-boot/u-boot.bin $R/boot/firmware/ |
|
|
642 | 665 | printf "\n# boot u-boot kernel\nkernel=u-boot.bin\n" >> $R/boot/firmware/config.txt |
|
|
643 | 666 | |
|
|
644 | 667 | # Set u-boot command file |
|
|
645 | 668 | cat <<EOM >$R/boot/firmware/uboot.mkimage |
|
|
646 | 669 | # Tell Linux that it is booting on a Raspberry Pi2 |
|
|
647 | 670 | setenv machid 0x00000c42 |
|
|
648 | 671 | |
|
|
649 | 672 | # Set the kernel boot command line |
|
|
650 | 673 | setenv bootargs "earlyprintk ${CMDLINE}" |
|
|
651 | 674 | |
|
|
652 | 675 | # Save these changes to u-boot's environment |
|
|
653 | 676 | saveenv |
|
|
654 | 677 | |
|
|
655 | 678 | # Load the existing Linux kernel into RAM |
|
|
656 | 679 | fatload mmc 0:1 \${kernel_addr_r} kernel7.img |
|
|
657 | 680 | |
|
|
658 | 681 | # Boot the kernel we have just loaded |
|
|
659 | 682 | bootz \${kernel_addr_r} |
|
|
660 | 683 | EOM |
|
|
661 | 684 | |
|
|
662 | 685 | # Generate u-boot image from command file |
|
|
663 | 686 | LANG=C chroot $R mkimage -A arm -O linux -T script -C none -a 0x00000000 -e 0x00000000 -n "RPi2 Boot Script" -d /boot/firmware/uboot.mkimage /boot/firmware/boot.scr |
|
|
664 | 687 | |
|
|
665 | 688 | # Remove gcc/c++ build enviroment |
|
|
666 | 689 | LANG=C chroot $R apt-get purge -y bc binutils cpp cpp-4.9 g++ g++-4.9 gcc gcc-4.9 libasan1 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcloog-isl4 libgcc-4.9-dev libgomp1 libisl10 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libstdc++-4.9-dev libubsan0 linux-compiler-gcc-4.9-arm linux-libc-dev make |
|
|
667 | 690 | fi |
|
|
668 | 691 | |
|
|
669 | 692 | # Clean cached downloads |
|
|
670 | 693 | LANG=C chroot $R apt-get -y clean |
|
|
671 | 694 | LANG=C chroot $R apt-get -y autoclean |
|
|
672 | 695 | LANG=C chroot $R apt-get -y autoremove |
|
|
673 | 696 | |
|
|
674 | 697 | # Unmount mounted filesystems |
|
|
675 | 698 | umount -l $R/proc |
|
|
676 | 699 | umount -l $R/sys |
|
|
677 | 700 | |
|
|
678 | 701 | # Clean up files |
|
|
679 | 702 | rm -f $R/etc/apt/sources.list.save |
|
|
680 | 703 | rm -f $R/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/original |
|
|
681 | 704 | rm -rf $R/run |
|
|
682 | 705 | mkdir -p $R/run |
|
|
683 | 706 | rm -f $R/etc/*- |
|
|
684 | 707 | rm -f $R/root/.bash_history |
|
|
685 | 708 | rm -rf $R/tmp/* |
|
|
686 | 709 | rm -f $R/var/lib/urandom/random-seed |
|
|
687 | 710 | [ -L $R/var/lib/dbus/machine-id ] || rm -f $R/var/lib/dbus/machine-id |
|
|
688 | 711 | rm -f $R/etc/machine-id |
|
|
689 | 712 | |
|
|
690 | 713 | # Calculate size of the chroot directory |
|
|
691 | 714 | CHROOT_SIZE=$(expr `du -s $R | awk '{ print $1 }'` / 1024) |
|
|
692 | 715 | |
|
|
693 | 716 | # Calculate required image size |
|
|
694 | 717 | IMAGE_SIZE=`expr $(expr ${CHROOT_SIZE} / 1024 + 1) \* 1024` |
|
|
695 | 718 | |
|
|
696 | 719 | # Calculate number of sectors for the partition |
|
|
697 | 720 | IMAGE_SECTORS=`expr $(expr ${IMAGE_SIZE} \* 1048576) / 512 - 133120` |
|
|
698 | 721 | |
|
|
699 | 722 | # Prepare date string for image file name |
|
|
700 | 723 | DATE="$(date +%Y-%m-%d)" |
|
|
701 | 724 | |
|
|
702 | 725 | # Prepare image file |
|
|
703 | 726 | dd if=/dev/zero of="$BASEDIR/${DATE}-debian-${RELEASE}.img" bs=1M count=1 |
|
|
704 | 727 | dd if=/dev/zero of="$BASEDIR/${DATE}-debian-${RELEASE}.img" bs=1M count=0 seek=${IMAGE_SIZE} |
|
|
705 | 728 | |
|
|
706 | 729 | # Write partition table |
|
|
707 | 730 | sfdisk -q -L -f "$BASEDIR/${DATE}-debian-${RELEASE}.img" <<EOM |
|
|
708 | 731 | unit: sectors |
|
|
709 | 732 | |
|
|
710 | 733 | 1 : start= 2048, size= 131072, Id= c, bootable |
|
|
711 | 734 | 2 : start= 133120, size= ${IMAGE_SECTORS}, Id=83 |
|
|
712 | 735 | 3 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 |
|
|
713 | 736 | 4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 |
|
|
714 | 737 | EOM |
|
|
715 | 738 | |
|
|
716 | 739 | # Set up temporary loop devices and build filesystems |
|
|
717 | 740 | VFAT_LOOP="$(losetup -o 1M --sizelimit 64M -f --show $BASEDIR/${DATE}-debian-${RELEASE}.img)" |
|
|
718 | 741 | EXT4_LOOP="$(losetup -o 65M --sizelimit `expr ${IMAGE_SIZE} - 64`M -f --show $BASEDIR/${DATE}-debian-${RELEASE}.img)" |
|
|
719 | 742 | mkfs.vfat "$VFAT_LOOP" |
|
|
720 | 743 | mkfs.ext4 "$EXT4_LOOP" |
|
|
721 | 744 | |
|
|
722 | 745 | # Mount the temporary loop devices |
|
|
723 | 746 | mkdir -p "$BUILDDIR/mount" |
|
|
724 | 747 | mount "$EXT4_LOOP" "$BUILDDIR/mount" |
|
|
725 | 748 | |
|
|
726 | 749 | mkdir -p "$BUILDDIR/mount/boot/firmware" |
|
|
727 | 750 | mount "$VFAT_LOOP" "$BUILDDIR/mount/boot/firmware" |
|
|
728 | 751 | |
|
|
729 | 752 | # Copy all files from the chroot to the loop device mount point directory |
|
|
730 | 753 | rsync -a "$R/" "$BUILDDIR/mount/" |
|
|
731 | 754 | |
|
|
732 | 755 | # Unmount all temporary loop devices and mount points |
|
|
733 | 756 | cleanup |
|
|
734 | 757 | |
|
|
735 | 758 | # (optinal) create block map file for "bmaptool" |
|
|
736 | 759 | bmaptool create -o "$BASEDIR/${DATE}-debian-${RELEASE}.bmap" "$BASEDIR/${DATE}-debian-${RELEASE}.img" |
|
|
737 | 760 | |
|
|
738 | 761 | # Image was successfully created |
|
|
739 | 762 | echo "$BASEDIR/${DATE}-debian-${RELEASE}.img (${IMAGE_SIZE})" ": successfully created" |
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