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# rpi23-gen-image
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## Introduction
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`rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for Raspberry Pi 2 (RPi2) and Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi3) computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian (armhf) releases `stretch` and `buster`. Raspberry Pi 3 images are generated for 32-bit mode only. Raspberry Pi 3 64-bit images can be generated using custom configuration parameters (```templates/rpi3-stretch-arm64-4.14.y```).
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`rpi23-gen-image.sh` is an advanced Debian Linux bootstrapping shell script for generating Debian OS images for all Raspberry Pi computers. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian (armhf/armel) releases `stretch` and `buster`. Raspberry Pi 0/1/2/3 images are generated for 32-bit mode only. Raspberry Pi 3 supports 64-bit images that can be generated using custom configuration parameters (```templates/rpi3-stretch-arm64-4.14.y```).
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## Build dependencies
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The following list of Debian packages must be installed on the build system because they are essentially required for the bootstrapping process. The script will check if all required packages are installed and missing packages will be installed automatically if confirmed by the user.
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```debootstrap debian-archive-keyring qemu-user-static binfmt-support dosfstools rsync bmap-tools whois git bc psmisc dbus sudo```
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It is recommended to configure the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script to build and install the latest Raspberry Pi Linux kernel. For the RPi3 this is mandatory. Kernel compilation and linking will be performed on the build system using an ARM (armhf) cross-compiler toolchain.
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It is recommended to configure the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script to build and install the latest Raspberry Pi Linux kernel. For the Raspberry 3 this is mandatory. Kernel compilation and linking will be performed on the build system using an ARM (armhf/armel) cross-compiler toolchain.
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The script has been tested using the default `crossbuild-essential-armhf` toolchain meta package on Debian Linux `stretch` build systems. Please check the [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) for further information.
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The script has been tested using the default `crossbuild-essential-armhf` and `crossbuild-essential-armel` toolchain meta packages on Debian Linux `stretch` build systems. Please check the [Debian CrossToolchains Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/CrossToolchains) for further information.
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## Command-line parameters
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The script accepts certain command-line parameters to enable or disable specific OS features, services and configuration settings. These parameters are passed to the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script via (simple) shell-variables. Unlike environment shell-variables (simple) shell-variables are defined at the beginning of the command-line call of the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script.
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Set Debian packages server address. Choose a server from the list of Debian worl
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Set Proxy server address. Using a local Proxy-Cache like `apt-cacher-ng` will speed-up the bootstrapping process because all required Debian packages will only be downloaded from the Debian mirror site once. If `apt-cacher-ng` is running on default `http://127.0.0.1:3142` it is autodetected and you don't need to set this.
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##### `APT_INCLUDES`=""
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A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping.
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A comma-separated list of additional packages to be installed by debootstrap during bootstrapping.
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##### `APT_INCLUDES_LATE`=""
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A comma separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up. This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well.
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A comma-separated list of additional packages to be installed by apt after bootstrapping and after APT sources are set up. This is useful for packages with pre-depends, which debootstrap do not handle well.
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---
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#### General system settings:
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##### `SET_ARCH`=32
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Set Architecture to default 32bit. If you want to to compile 64bit (RPI3 or RPI3+) set it to `64`. This option will set every needed crosscompiler or boeard specific option for a successful build.
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If you want to change e.g. cross-compiler -> Templates always override defaults
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Set Architecture to default 32bit. If you want to compile 64-bit (RPI3 or RPI3+) set it to `64`. This option will set every needed cross-compiler or board specific option for a successful build.
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##### `RPI_MODEL`=2
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Specifiy the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the following Raspberry Pi models:
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- `0` = Used for Raspberry Pi 0 and Raspberry Pi 0 W
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- `1` = Used for Pi 1 model A and B
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- `1P` = Used for Pi 1 model B+ and A+
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- `2` = Used for Pi 2 model B
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- `3` = Used for Pi 3 model B
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- `3P` = Used for Pi 3 model B+
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- `BUILD_KERNEL`=true will automatically be set if the Raspberry Pi model `3` or `3P` is used.
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Specify the target Raspberry Pi hardware model. The script at this time supports the following Raspberry Pi models:
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- `0` = Raspberry Pi 0 and Raspberry Pi 0 W
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- `1` = Raspberry Pi 1 model A and B
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- `1P` = Raspberry Pi 1 model B+ and A+
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- `2` = Raspberry Pi 2 model B
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- `3` = Raspberry Pi 3 model B
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- `3P` = Raspberry Pi 3 model B+
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##### `RELEASE`="buster"
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Set the desired Debian release name. The script at this time supports the bootstrapping of the Debian releases `stretch` and `buster`.
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Set extra xkb configuration options.
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#### Networking settings (DHCP):
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This parameter is used to set up networking auto configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
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This parameter is used to set up networking auto-configuration in `/etc/systemd/network/eth.network`. The default location of network configuration files in the Debian `stretch` release was changed to `/lib/systemd/network`.`
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##### `ENABLE_DHCP`=true
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Set the system to use DHCP. This requires an DHCP server.
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Enable serial console interface. Recommended if no monitor or keyboard is connec
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Enables printing kernel messages to konsole. printk is `3 4 1 3` as in raspbian.
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##### `ENABLE_BLUETOOTH`=false
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Enable onboard Bluetooth interface on the RPi0/3/3P. See: https://spellfoundry.com/2016/05/29/configuring-gpio-serial-port-raspbian-jessie-including-pi-3/
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Enable onboard Bluetooth interface on the RPi0/3/3P. See: [Configuring the GPIO serial port on Raspbian jessie and stretch](https://spellfoundry.com/2016/05/29/configuring-gpio-serial-port-raspbian-jessie-including-pi-3/).
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##### `ENABLE_MINIUART_OVERLAY`=false
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Enable Bluetooth to use this. Adds overlay to swap UART0 with UART1. Enabling (slower) Bluetooth and full speed serial console. - RPI `0` `3` `3P` have a fast `hardware UART0` (ttyAMA0) and a `mini UART1` (ttyS0)! RPI `1` `1P` `2` only have a `hardware UART0`. `UART0` is considered better, because is faster and more stable than `mini UART1`. By default the Bluetooth modem is mapped to the `hardware UART0` and `mini UART` is used for console. The `mini UART` is a problem for the serial console, because its baudrate depends on the cpu frequency, which is changing on runtime. Resulting in a volatile baudrate and thus in an unusable serial console.
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Enable Bluetooth to use this. Adds overlay to swap UART0 with UART1. Enabling (slower) Bluetooth and full speed serial console. - RPI `0` `3` `3P` have a fast `hardware UART0` (ttyAMA0) and a `mini UART1` (ttyS0)! RPI `1` `1P` `2` only have a `hardware UART0`. `UART0` is considered better, because is faster and more stable than `mini UART1`. By default the Bluetooth modem is mapped to the `hardware UART0` and `mini UART` is used for console. The `mini UART` is a problem for the serial console, because its baudrate depends on the CPU frequency, which is changing on runtime. Resulting in a volatile baudrate and thus in an unusable serial console.
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##### `ENABLE_TURBO`=false
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VOIDS WARRANTY! Enable Turbo mode - NO overclocking. This setting locks cpu at highest frequency. As setting ENABLE_CONSOLE=true locks RPI to lowest CPU speed, this is can be used additionally to lock cpu hat max speed. Need a good power supply and probably cooling for the Raspberry PI.
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Enable Turbo mode. This setting locks cpu at the highest frequency. As setting ENABLE_CONSOLE=true locks RPI to lowest CPU speed, this is can be used additionally to lock cpu hat max speed. Need a good power supply and probably cooling for the Raspberry PI.
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##### `ENABLE_I2C`=false
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Enable I2C interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
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Enable I2C interface on the RPi 0/1/2/3. Please check the [RPi 0/1/2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
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##### `ENABLE_SPI`=false
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Enable SPI interface on the RPi2/3. Please check the [RPi2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
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Enable SPI interface on the RPi 0/1/2/3. Please check the [RPi 0/1/2/3 pinout diagrams](https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals) to connect the right GPIO pins.
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##### `ENABLE_IPV6`=true
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Enable IPv6 support. The network interface configuration is managed via systemd-networkd.
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If set to false, disable and uninstall rsyslog (so logs will be available only i
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Enable sound hardware and install Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
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##### `ENABLE_HWRANDOM`=true
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Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
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Enable Hardware Random Number Generator. Strong random numbers are important for most network-based communications that use encryption. It's recommended to be enabled.
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##### `ENABLE_MINGPU`=false
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Minimize the amount of shared memory reserved for the GPU. It doesn't seem to be possible to fully disable the GPU.
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Install and enable D-Bus message bus. Please note that systemd should work witho
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Install Xorg open-source X Window System.
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##### `ENABLE_WM`=""
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Install a user defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
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Install a user-defined window manager for the X Window System. To make sure all X related package dependencies are getting installed `ENABLE_XORG` will automatically get enabled if `ENABLE_WM` is used. The `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script has been tested with the following list of window managers: `blackbox`, `openbox`, `fluxbox`, `jwm`, `dwm`, `xfce4`, `awesome`.
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##### `ENABLE_SYSVINIT`=false
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Support for halt,init,poweroff,reboot,runlevel,shutdown,telinit commands
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Use debootstrap script variant `minbase` which only includes essential packages
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Reduce the disk space usage by deleting packages and files. See `REDUCE_*` parameters for detailed information.
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##### `ENABLE_UBOOT`=false
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Replace the default RPi2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
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Replace the default RPi 0/1/2/3 second stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) with [U-Boot bootloader](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary). U-Boot can boot images via the network using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol.
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##### `UBOOTSRC_DIR`=""
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Path to a directory (`u-boot`) of [U-Boot bootloader sources](https://git.denx.de/?p=u-boot.git;a=summary) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
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Install and enable the [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver](https://github.c
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Path to a directory (`xf86-video-fbturbo`) of [hardware accelerated Xorg video driver sources](https://github.com/ssvb/xf86-video-fbturbo) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
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##### `ENABLE_VIDEOCORE`=false
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Install and enable the [Source code for ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) `vcgencmd`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
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Install and enable the [ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) `vcgencmd`. Please note that this driver is currently limited to hardware accelerated window moving and scrolling.
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##### `VIDEOCORESRC_DIR`=""
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Path to a directory (`userland`) of [Source code for a C-based firmware patching framework for Broadcom/Cypress WiFi chips that enables you to write your own firmware patches, for example, to enable monitor mode with radiotap headers and frame injection](https://github.com/seemoo-lab/nexmon.git) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
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Path to a directory (`userland`) of [ARM side libraries for interfacing to Raspberry Pi GPU](https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland) that will be copied, configured, build and installed inside the chroot.
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##### `ENABLE_NEXMON`=false
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Install and enable the [Source code for a C-based firmware patching framework for Broadcom/Cypress WiFi chips that enables you to write your own firmware patches, for example, to enable monitor mode with radiotap headers and frame injection](https://github.com/seemoo-lab/nexmon.git).
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Path to a directory (`nexmon`) of [Source code for ARM side libraries for interf
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Enable iptables IPv4/IPv6 firewall. Simplified ruleset: Allow all outgoing connections. Block all incoming connections except to OpenSSH service.
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##### `ENABLE_USER`=true
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Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD`=raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, username will be `pi`.
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Create non-root user with password `USER_PASSWORD`=raspberry. Unless overridden with `USER_NAME`=user, the username will be `pi`.
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##### `USER_NAME`=pi
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Non-root user to create. Ignored if `ENABLE_USER`=false
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Disable RPi2/3 under-voltage warnings and overlays. Setting the parameter to `1`
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#### SSH settings:
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##### `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=false
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Enable password root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with default password, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
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Enable password-based root login via SSH. This may be a security risk with the default password set, use only in trusted environments. `ENABLE_ROOT` must be set to `true`.
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##### `SSH_DISABLE_PASSWORD_AUTH`=false
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Disable password based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported.
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Disable password-based SSH authentication. Only public key based SSH (v2) authentication will be supported.
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##### `SSH_LIMIT_USERS`=false
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Limit the users that are allowed to login via SSH. Only allow user `USER_NAME`=pi and root if `SSH_ENABLE_ROOT`=true to login. This parameter will be ignored if `dropbear` SSH is used (`REDUCE_SSHD`=true).
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Add SSH (v2) public key(s) from specified file to `authorized_keys` file to enab
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#### Kernel compilation:
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##### `BUILD_KERNEL`=true
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Build and install the latest RPi2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi2/3 kernel configuration is used.
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Build and install the latest RPi 0/1/2/3 Linux kernel. Currently only the default RPi 0/1/2/3 kernel configuration is used.
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##### `CROSS_COMPILE`="arm-linux-gnueabihf-"
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This sets the cross compile enviornment for the compiler.
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This sets the cross-compile environment for the compiler.
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##### `KERNEL_ARCH`="arm"
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This sets the kernel architecture for the compiler.
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Sets the QEMU enviornment for the Debian archive. If not set, `QEMU_BINARY` will
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Sets the default config for kernel compiling. If not set, `KERNEL_DEFCONFIG` will be set to "bcmrpi3\_defconfig" automatically if building for arm64.
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##### `KERNEL_REDUCE`=false
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Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted device, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
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Reduce the size of the generated kernel by removing unwanted devices, network and filesystem drivers (experimental).
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##### `KERNEL_THREADS`=1
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Number of parallel kernel building threads. If the parameter is left untouched the script will automatically determine the number of CPU cores to set the number of parallel threads to speed the kernel compilation.
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##### `KERNEL_HEADERS`=true
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Install kernel headers with built kernel.
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Install kernel headers with the built kernel.
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|
|
|
|
329
|
327
|
##### `KERNEL_MENUCONFIG`=false
|
|
|
330
|
328
|
Start `make menuconfig` interactive menu-driven kernel configuration. The script will continue after `make menuconfig` was terminated.
|
|
|
@@
-441,9
+439,9
The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the b
|
|
|
441
|
439
|
| `10-bootstrap.sh` | Debootstrap basic system |
|
|
|
442
|
440
|
| `11-apt.sh` | Setup APT repositories |
|
|
|
443
|
441
|
| `12-locale.sh` | Setup Locales and keyboard settings |
|
|
|
444
|
|
| `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi2/3 Kernel |
|
|
|
|
442
|
| `13-kernel.sh` | Build and install RPi 0/1/2/3 Kernel |
|
|
|
445
|
443
|
| `14-fstab.sh` | Setup fstab and initramfs |
|
|
|
446
|
|
| `15-rpi-config.sh` | Setup RPi2/3 config and cmdline |
|
|
|
|
444
|
| `15-rpi-config.sh` | Setup RPi 0/1/2/3 config and cmdline |
|
|
|
447
|
445
|
| `20-networking.sh` | Setup Networking |
|
|
|
448
|
446
|
| `21-firewall.sh` | Setup Firewall |
|
|
|
449
|
447
|
| `30-security.sh` | Setup Users and Security settings |
|
|
|
@@
-451,6
+449,7
The functions of this script that are required for the different stages of the b
|
|
|
451
|
449
|
| `32-sshd.sh` | Setup SSH and public keys |
|
|
|
452
|
450
|
| `41-uboot.sh` | Build and Setup U-Boot |
|
|
|
453
|
451
|
| `42-fbturbo.sh` | Build and Setup fbturbo Xorg driver |
|
|
|
|
452
|
| `43-videocore.sh` | Build and Setup videocore libraries |
|
|
|
454
|
453
|
| `50-firstboot.sh` | First boot actions |
|
|
|
455
|
454
|
| `99-reduce.sh` | Reduce the disk space usage |
|
|
|
456
|
455
|
|
|
|
@@
-459,7
+458,7
All the required configuration files that will be copied to the generated OS ima
|
|
|
459
|
458
|
| Directory | Description |
|
|
|
460
|
459
|
| --- | --- |
|
|
|
461
|
460
|
| `apt` | APT management configuration files |
|
|
|
462
|
|
| `boot` | Boot and RPi2/3 configuration files |
|
|
|
|
461
|
| `boot` | Boot and RPi 0/1/2/3 configuration files |
|
|
|
463
|
462
|
| `dpkg` | Package Manager configuration |
|
|
|
464
|
463
|
| `etc` | Configuration files and rc scripts |
|
|
|
465
|
464
|
| `firstboot` | Scripts that get executed on first boot |
|
|
|
@@
-485,7
+484,7
script -c 'APT_SERVER=ftp.de.debian.org ./rpi23-gen-image.sh' ./build.log
|
|
|
485
|
484
|
```
|
|
|
486
|
485
|
|
|
|
487
|
486
|
## Flashing the image file
|
|
|
488
|
|
After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
|
|
|
|
487
|
After the image file was successfully created by the `rpi23-gen-image.sh` script it can be copied to the microSD card that will be used by the RPi 0/1/2/3 computer. This can be performed by using the tools `bmaptool` or `dd`. Using `bmaptool` will probably speed-up the copy process because `bmaptool` copies more wisely than `dd`.
|
|
|
489
|
488
|
|
|
|
490
|
489
|
##### Flashing examples:
|
|
|
491
|
490
|
```shell
|
